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分享C#使用Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel操作后Excel对象的释放问题
使用C#进行Excel开发时，使用代理模式后造成Excel的对象释放不掉的问题，代码如下：
上面的代码使用
using(ExcelHelper excel=new ExcelHelper)
{},可以正常释放所有Excel对象并将Excel进程退出，但是使用下面的代码不能：
上面的代码使用
using(ExcelHelper excel=new ExcelHelper)
{}
后，WorkBook类里面的私有成员private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workBook好像不能释放，导致Excel进程无法退出，这里该如何释放所有成员并正常退出Excel啊？
public class ExcelHelper : IDisposable
{
public ExcelHelper()
{
this._application = new myExcel.Application();
this._application.Visible = false;
this._workbooks = this._application.Workbooks;
}
public Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook Open(string filePath)
{
this._workbooks.Open(filePath);
}
}
上面的代码使用
using(ExcelHelper excel=new ExcelHelper)
{},可以正常释放所有Excel对象并将Excel进程退出，但是使用下面的代码不能：
public partial class ExcelHelper : IDisposable
{
public ExcelHelper()
{
this._application = new comExcel.Application();
this._application.Visible = false;
this._application.DisplayAlerts = false;
this._application.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false;
this._workbooks = this._application.Workbooks;
}
public WorkBook CreateWorkBook(string filePath)
{
return new WorkBook(this._workBooks.Open(filePath));
}
}
public class WorkBook
{
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workBook;
internal readonly object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
private WorkBook()
{ }
internal WorkBook(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook _workBook)
{
this.workBook = _workBook;
}
}
上面的代码使用
using(ExcelHelper excel=new ExcelHelper)
{}
后，WorkBook类里面的私有成员private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workBook好像不能释放，导致Excel进程无法退出，这里该如何释放所有成员并正常退出Excel啊？
...全文
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yngaocn 2012-10-03
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正遇到该问题，期望能解决
宝_爸 2011-11-09
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Google到的
Excel does not quit because your app is still holding references to COM objects.
I guess you're invoking members of a COM object without assigning it to a variable.
For me it was the excelApp.Worksheets object I directly used without assigning it to a variable:
Worksheet sheet = excelApp.Worksheets.Open(...);
...
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sheet);
What I didn't know was that internally C# created a wrapper for the Worksheets COM object which didn't get released by my code (because I wasn't aware of it) and was the cause why Excel was not unloaded.
I found the solution to my problem on this page, which also has a nice rule for the usage of COM objects in C#:
Never use 2 dots with com objects.
So with this knowledge the right way of doing the above is:
Worksheets sheets = excelApp.Worksheets; // <-- the important part
Worksheet sheet = sheets.Open(...);
...
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sheets);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sheet);
然后调用
xlBook(Workbooks类型).Close()和xlApp.Quit();
上面的资料来自:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/158706/how-to-properly-clean-up-excel-interop-objects-in-c-sharp
Excel does not quit because your app is still holding references to COM objects.
I guess you're invoking members of a COM object without assigning it to a variable.
For me it was the excelApp.Worksheets object I directly used without assigning it to a variable:
Worksheet sheet = excelApp.Worksheets.Open(...);
...
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sheet);
What I didn't know was that internally C# created a wrapper for the Worksheets COM object which didn't get released by my code (because I wasn't aware of it) and was the cause why Excel was not unloaded.
I found the solution to my problem on this page, which also has a nice rule for the usage of COM objects in C#:
Never use 2 dots with com objects.
So with this knowledge the right way of doing the above is:
Worksheets sheets = excelApp.Worksheets; // <-- the important part
Worksheet sheet = sheets.Open(...);
...
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sheets);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sheet);
然后调用
xlBook(Workbooks类型).Close()和xlApp.Quit();
上面的资料来自:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/158706/how-to-properly-clean-up-excel-interop-objects-in-c-sharp
OrangeEvan 2011-11-09
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this._application = new myExcel.Application();
luxin10 2011-11-09
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试过了，没用！呵呵
阿非 2011-11-09
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试试在 Dispose() 方法中将
传入的Workbook 对象释放
传入的Workbook 对象释放
luxin10 2011-11-09
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本帖问题点数共计100分，本帖50分，还有另外一篇帖子一模一样50分，地址：http://topic.csdn.net/u/20111104/11/dab0fb70-45c1-4bcf-82f8-a64e03a01210.html?47685，哪个高手解决过类似的问题？请指点一二！100分全部送上！
luxin10 2011-11-09
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谢谢大家！困扰了半个月的问题终于解决了，问题的症结还是在于在类中声明了com对象，但是在释放的时候没有释放完全，特别是比方说在一个集合类中声明了com对象，那么在该集合类中必须循环去释放掉所有的子类占用的com资源；谢谢Sandy945和findcaiyzh，给我了很大的帮助！
阿非 2011-11-09
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用 findcaiyzh 找的文章中的写法。
阿非 2011-11-09
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[Quote=引用 17 楼 luxin10 的回复:]
试过了，没用！呵呵
[/Quote]
你怎么写的？
试过了，没用！呵呵
[/Quote]
你怎么写的？
mabaolin 2011-11-04
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http://blog.csdn.net/sunyou/archive/2005/08/22/461133.aspx
小赖赖 2011-11-04
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呃,不止楼主这个情况
我在操作PPT中chart里面的Excel表格时候,时不时会抛远程COM不可控这样的异常,
然后就中断,这时候Excel和PowerPoint进程就不能释放,之后的所有操作全都抛异常
必须杀掉这2个进程才行
怀疑是Office组件互相调用间的漏洞
我在操作PPT中chart里面的Excel表格时候,时不时会抛远程COM不可控这样的异常,
然后就中断,这时候Excel和PowerPoint进程就不能释放,之后的所有操作全都抛异常
必须杀掉这2个进程才行
怀疑是Office组件互相调用间的漏洞
luxin10 2011-11-04
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不需要kill进程，使用Dispose，清理Excel非托管资源后，使用GC回收一下，进程可以正常退出，我最上面的代码说了，只要不使用代理模式，清理资源退出进程没问题！
但是加了一个代理的WorkBook类后，类里面声明了private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workBook;私有变量，并且在实例化代理类时传入了Excel的_workBook对象，导致在ExcelHelper类清理Excel时，无法清理所有的Excel资源，导致Excel进程无法退出！
如果这种代理模式使用在Winform程序下，当Winform进程退出时，系统清理掉了代理WorkBook类的资源，此时Excle进程随着Winform进程一起退出，也就是说下面的代码在使用完Excel后进程不会马上退出，一定要等到Winform进程退出时Excel才会一起退出！
所以我想问清楚：怎么样能在使用完Excel资源后，主动清理上面的代码里面用到的所有Excel资源？只要资源能清理干净，Excel进程可以正常退出！
但是加了一个代理的WorkBook类后，类里面声明了private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workBook;私有变量，并且在实例化代理类时传入了Excel的_workBook对象，导致在ExcelHelper类清理Excel时，无法清理所有的Excel资源，导致Excel进程无法退出！
如果这种代理模式使用在Winform程序下，当Winform进程退出时，系统清理掉了代理WorkBook类的资源，此时Excle进程随着Winform进程一起退出，也就是说下面的代码在使用完Excel后进程不会马上退出，一定要等到Winform进程退出时Excel才会一起退出！
所以我想问清楚：怎么样能在使用完Excel资源后，主动清理上面的代码里面用到的所有Excel资源？只要资源能清理干净，Excel进程可以正常退出！
ijwsoft 2011-11-04
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// 杀掉进程
public static void KillProcess(string processName)
{
System.Diagnostics.Process myproc = new System.Diagnostics.Process();
//得到所有打开的进程
try
{
foreach (Process thisproc in Process.GetProcessesByName(processName))
{
if (!thisproc.CloseMainWindow())
{
thisproc.Kill();
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//throw new Exception("", Exc);
Common.DisplayMsg("系统错误", ex.Message);
}
}
调用方法：
Common.KillProcess("Excel");
