PersonalBank1

1.Java用包package来管理处存文件
2.C++中不可更改的函数用const，但Java中没有const，用final表示该函数不可重写
3.Java中函数声明与函数体不能分离（除抽象类，接口等）
4.cout与System.out.println(变量名 + “字符串”)；
5.c++ 里面建立类的对象可以直接：类名 对象名（参数），而Java里面需要：类名 对象名 = new 类名（参数）
6.Java里是不用写什么math.h等头文件的，类库里都有。比如取整：Math.floor()
7.Java没有id（id）；，有this.id=id；

PersonalBank2

相比于第一个版本，增加了total变量
其余无变化

PersonalBank3

增加了Date类

1.C++ void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
Java private void record(Date date,double amount,String desc){}；
2.C++

namespace {	//namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
	//存储平年中某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
	const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}

Java

public final int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };

3.敲SavingAccount类时，利用Date方法总是报错，由于设置了void，没办法匹配?‍

PersonalBank4

与之前版本相比，增加了Accumulator类、Account类、CreditAccount类，SavingAccount类继承了Account类
Date类与之前一样
CreditAccount继承了Account，要重写show（）函数，但Account中show（）函数是由final修饰的

PersonalBank5

Date类中少了一个distance（）函数，多了一个重载

int operator - (const Date& date) const {
		return totalDays - date.totalDays;
	}

Accumulator类与前一样
Account类变成了抽象类，其中多了deposit、withdraw、settle函数（C++中的虚函数）
SavingsAccount类中多了deposit、withdraw、settle

主函数C++与Java变化对比

cin >> cmd;
switch (cmd) {
		case 'd':	//存入现金
			cin >> index >> amount;
			getline(cin, desc);
			accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
			break;
		case 'w':	//取出现金
			cin >> index >> amount;
			getline(cin, desc);
			accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
			break;
		case 's':	//查询各账户信息
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				cout << "[" << i << "] ";
				accounts[i]->show();
				cout << endl;
			}
			break;
		case 'c':	//改变日期
			cin >> day;
			if (day < date.getDay())
				cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
			else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
				cout << "Invalid day";
			else
				date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
			break;
		case 'n':	//进入下个月
			if (date.getMonth() == 12)
				date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
			else
				date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				accounts[i]->settle(date);
			break;
		}

cmd = (char)System.in.read();
switch (cmd) {
			case 'd':	//存入现金
				index = in.nextInt();
				amount = in.nextDouble();
				desc = in.nextLine();
				accounts[index].deposit(date, amount, desc);
				break;
			case 'w':	//取出现金
				index = in.nextInt();
				amount = in.nextDouble();
				desc = in.nextLine();
				accounts[index].withdraw(date, amount, desc);
				break;
			case 's':	//查询各账户信息
				for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
					System.out.print("[" + i + "] ");
					accounts[i].show();
					System.out.println();
					if(i<(n-1)) {System.in.read();}
				}
				break;
			case 'c':	//改变日期
				day = in.nextInt();
				if (day < date.getDay())
					System.out.print("You cannot specify a previous day");
				else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
					System.out.print("Invalid day");
				else
					date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
				break;
			case 'n':	//进入下个月
				if (date.getMonth() == 12)
					date = new Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
				else
					date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
				for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
					accounts[i].settle(date);
					if(i<(n-1)) {System.in.read();}
				}
				break;

PersonalBank6

与之前版本相比较，仅主函数不同

第八章
1.这次把Account写成了抽象类，里面有几个虚抽象函数，在子类中实现了。
2.批量操作和统一接口，因为对象类型不一样，还要求统一实现，就用到虚函数，而函数接口设置为一样，在函数体额外加判断条件，来达到接口统一，更利于程序的封装性，安全性。
3.java里面的输出，也是调用类库，比如java.text.DecimalFormat可以控制输出小数点，java.io.IOException和java.util.*则是输入的专用库，每种类型的输入还不一样。
4.在Run里面定义输入变量cmd是char，cmd = (char)System.in.read()。 这时候可能发生异常所以有抛出声明throws IOException。

package ob5;

public class Date {
	//日期类
		private int year;		//年
		private	int month;		//月
		private	int day;		//日
		private	int totalDays;	//该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
		
		
		public	int[] DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH =new int[]{ 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
		public	void show(){
			System.out.println( getYear()+"-"+getMonth()+"-"+getDay());
		}		//输出当前日期
		public Date(int year, int month, int day){
			this.year=year;
			this.month=month;
			this.day=day;
			if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
				System.out.println( "Invalid date: ");
				show();
				System.out.println();
				System.exit(1);
			}
			int years = year - 1;
			totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
				+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
			if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
			
		}//用年、月、日构造日期
		public	int getYear() { return year; }
		public	int getMonth() { return month; }
		public	int getDay() { return day; }
		public	int getMaxDay(){
			if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
				return 29;
			else
				return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
		} //获得当月有多少天
		public	boolean isLeapYear()  {	//判断当年是否为闰年
				return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
			}
		
			//计算两个日期之间差多少天	
		public	int distance(Date date) {
				return totalDays - date.totalDays;
			}

}


package ob5;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;

abstract public class Account {//账户类

	private String id;	//帐号
	private double balance;	//余额
	private static double total = 0; //所有账户的总金额
	
		//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
	protected Account(final Date date, final String id)
	{
		this.id=id;
		balance=0;
		date.show();
		System.out.println("\t#" + id + " created");
	}
		//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
	protected void record(final Date date, double amount, final String desc)
	{
		amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;	//保留小数点后两位
		balance += amount;
		total += amount;
		date.show();
		System.out.println( "\t#" + id + "\t" + amount + "\t" + balance + "\t" + desc );
	}
		//报告错误信息
	protected void error(final String msg)
	{
		System.out.println("Error(#" + id + "):" + msg);
	}
	
	static DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0.0");//限制位数
	public final String getId() { return id; }
	public double getBalance() { return balance; }
	public static double getTotal() { return total; }
		//显示账户信息
	
	abstract void deposit(final Date date, double amount,final String desc);
	//取出现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
	abstract void withdraw(final Date date, double amount,final String desc);
	//结算（计算利息、年费等），每月结算一次，date为结算日期
	abstract void settle(final Date date);
	//显示账户信息
	public void show()
	{
		System.out.print(id + "\tBalance: " + df.format(balance));
	}

}

public class CreditAccount extends Account{//信用账户类

	private Accumulator acc;	//辅助计算利息的累加器
	private double credit;		//信用额度
	private double rate;		//欠款的日利率
	private double fee;			//信用卡年费

	private double getDebt() {	//获得欠款额
			double balance = getBalance();
			return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
	}
	
		//构造函数
	public CreditAccount(final Date date,final String id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
	{
		super(date, id);
		this.credit=credit;
		this.rate=rate;
		this.fee=fee;
		acc = new Accumulator(date, 0);
		
	}
	public double getCredit() { return credit; }
	public double getRate() { return rate; }
	public double getFee() { return fee; }
	public double getAvailableCredit() {	//获得可用信用
			if (getBalance() < 0) 
				return credit + getBalance();
			else
				return credit;
		}
		//存入现金
	public void deposit(final Date date, double amount,final String desc)
	{
		record(date, amount, desc);
		acc.change(date, getDebt());
	}
		//取出现金
	public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount,final String desc)
	{
		if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
			error("not enough credit");
		} else {
			record(date, -amount, desc);
			acc.change(date, getDebt());
		}
	}
		//结算利息和年费，每月1日调用一次该函数
	public void settle(final Date date)
	{
		double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
		if (interest != 0)
			record(date, interest, "interest");
		if (date.getMonth() == 1)
			record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
		acc.reset(date, getDebt());
	}
	public void show()
	{
		super.show();
		System.out.print( "\t\tAvailable credit:" + getAvailableCredit());
	}
}

package ob5;

public class SavingsAccount extends Account {
	//储蓄账户类
	private Accumulator acc;	//辅助计算利息的累加器
	private double rate;		//存款的年利率
	
		//构造函数
	public SavingsAccount(final Date date,final String id, double rate)
	{
		super(date,id);
		this.rate = rate;
		acc=new Accumulator(date,0);
	}
	public double getRate() { return rate; }
		//存入现金
	public void deposit(final Date date, double amount,final String desc)
	{
		record(date, amount, desc);
		acc.change(date, getBalance());
	}
		//取出现金
	public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount,final String desc)
	{
		if (amount > getBalance()) {
			error("not enough money");
		} else {
			record(date, -amount, desc);
			acc.change(date, getBalance());
		}
	}
		//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
	public void settle(final Date date)
	{
		if(date.getMonth() == 1) {
			double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / date.distance(new Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));	//计算年息
			//计算年息
		if (interest != 0)
			record(date, interest, "interest");
		acc.reset(date, getBalance());
	}
	}

}
package ob5;

public class Accumulator {//将某个数值按日累加

	private Date lastDate;	//上次变更数值的时期
	private double value;	//数值的当前值
	private double sum;		//数值按日累加之和
	
		//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
	public Accumulator(final Date date, double value)
	{
		lastDate=date;
		this.value=value;
		sum=0;
	}
		//获得到日期date的累加结果
	public double getSum(final Date date){
			return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
		}

		//在date将数值变更为value
	public void change(final Date date, double value) {
			sum = getSum(date);
			lastDate = date;
			this.value = value;
		}

		//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
	public void reset(final  Date date, double value) {
			lastDate = date;
			this.value = value;
			sum = 0;
		}

}

package ob5;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.*; 
import java.io.IOException;
public class Run {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException  {
		Date date = new Date(2008, 11, 1);	//起始日期
		//建立几个账户
		SavingsAccount sa1 = new SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
		SavingsAccount sa2 = new SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015);
		CreditAccount ca = new CreditAccount(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
		Account accounts[] = { sa1, sa2, ca };
		final int n = accounts.length;	//账户总数

		System.out.println("(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit");
		char cmd;
		Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in); //使用Scanner类定义对象
		int index, day;
		double amount;
		String desc;
		DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0.0");
		do {
			//显示日期和总金额
			date.show();
			System.out.print("\tTotal: " + df.format(Account.getTotal()) + "\tcommand> ");

			cmd = (char)System.in.read();
			switch (cmd) {
			case 'd':	//存入现金
				index = in.nextInt();
				amount = in.nextDouble();
				desc = in.nextLine();
				accounts[index].deposit(date, amount, desc);
				break;
			case 'w':	//取出现金
				index = in.nextInt();
				amount = in.nextDouble();
				desc = in.nextLine();
				accounts[index].withdraw(date, amount, desc);
				break;
			case 's':	//查询各账户信息
				for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
					System.out.print("[" + i + "] ");
					accounts[i].show();
					System.out.println();
					if(i<(n-1)) {System.in.read();}
				}
				break;
			case 'c':	//改变日期
				day = in.nextInt();
				if (day < date.getDay())
					System.out.print("You cannot specify a previous day");
				else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
					System.out.print("Invalid day");
				else
					date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
				break;
			case 'n':	//进入下个月
				if (date.getMonth() == 12)
					date = new Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
				else
					date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
				for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
					accounts[i].settle(date);
					if(i<(n-1)) {System.in.read();}
				}
				break;
			}
		} while (cmd != 'e');
		in.close();
	}
	

}

继承层次结构

Account作为基类，存储基本信息
Debit为储蓄卡账户
Credit为信用卡账户，结构体privilege将Credit分为common账户和vip账户
ATM管理这两类账户，同时将信息记录在文件

程序主要功能

注意：

1. 姓名与地址没有使用按行输入，不允许出现空格
2. 账户、密码以及银行管理员密码等数字，不允许以0开头
   其中账户、密码、银行管理员密码最多10位
   电话号固定11位，身份证号固定18位，且不能出现字母
3. 个别设计较为繁琐，还有很多地方存在漏洞，只进行了简单的验证

程序存在的问题：

1. 开始时思路并不是特别清晰，导致程序结构和设计上还存在些问题
2. 为了代码重用，使用多层次的继承结构，但是在继承类中不可避免使用基类私有成员，这就不可避免使用友元，所以以牺牲了部分程序的封装性，以及模块化为代价，在程序设计时需要仔细斟酌。

/**
*
*@file     ATM.cpp
*@date     2020/5/5
**/

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<iomanip>
#include<iterator>
using namespace std;

const char *filename1 = "debitClient.txt";     //储蓄卡客户文件
const char *filename2 = "creditClient.txt";    //信用卡客户文件

//个人账户基本信息
class Account
{
private:
	friend class ATM;
	friend class Debit;
	friend class Credit;
	long acctnum, psword;                //账户、密码
	long long telnum;                    //电话
	long long idnum;                     //身份证
	string name, addr;                   //姓名、地址（....输入时不能有空格！）
	char sex;                            //性别（m-男，f-女）
protected:
	long retPsword() { return psword; }
	long retAccount() { return acctnum; }
public:
	Account(long acct, long ps, string n = "null", string a = "null", long long tel = 0, long long id = 0, char s = 'f') :
		acctnum(acct), psword(ps), name(n), addr(a), telnum(tel), idnum(id), sex(s) {}
	~Account();
	void createAcct();                                                                                  //账户创建
	void perfectInfo();                                                                                 //基本信息完善
	void showAccount() const;                                                                           //基本信息显示        
	bool Match();                                                                                       //判断密码是否匹配，用于账户登录 

    //用于文件I/O的友元函数
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& fout, const Debit& a);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& fin, Debit& a);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& fout, const Credit& a);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& fin, Credit& a);
};

//储蓄卡账户
class Debit :public Account
{
private:
	friend class ATM;
	double balance;               //账户余额
public:
	Debit(long acct = 0, long ps = 0, double bal = 0, string n = "null", string a = "null", long tel = 0, long long id = 0, char s = 'f') :
		Account(acct, ps, n, a, tel, id, s), balance(bal) {}
	void Deposit();                                                                                               //存款
	void Withdraw();                                                                                              //取款     
	void queryBalance() const;                                                                                    //余额查询

																												  //用于文件I/O的友元函数
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& fout, const Debit& a);
	friend istream& operator >> (istream& fin, Debit& a);
};

//用于限定信用卡等级及特权p1-common,p2-vip
struct privilege {
	string scale;              //账户等级
	double toploan;            //账户最大透支额
	double floorrate;          //账户最小透支利率
	bool queueRequired;        //是否需要排队
}p1{ "common",1000,0.2,true }, p2{ "vip",5000,0.1,false };

//信用卡账户
class Credit :public Account
{
private:
	friend class ATM;
	double balance;             //账户余额
	double maxLoan;             //透支额度
	double rate;                //透支利率
	double owes;                //现有透支
	privilege p;                //账户等级
public:
	Credit(long acct = 0, long ps = 0, privilege = p1, string n = "null", string a = "null", long long tel = 0, long long id = 0, char s = 'f', double bal = 0, double maxL = 500, double ra = 0.3, double owe = 0) :
		Account(acct, ps, n, a, tel, id, s), balance(bal), maxLoan(maxL), rate(ra), owes(owe), p(p1) {}
	void Deposit();                                                                     //存款
	void Withdraw();                                                                    //取款
	void Repay();                                                                       //偿还透支
	void queryBalance() const;                                                          //余额查询
	void showPrivilege() const;                                                         //等级和特权查询
	void setMAXLoan();                                                                  //设置透支额度
	void setRate();                                                                     //设置透支利率
	void upgrade();                                                                     //账户升级
	
																						//用于文件I/O的友元函数
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& fout, const Credit& a);
	friend istream& operator >> (istream& fin, Credit& a);
};

//ATM
class ATM
{
private:
	static const int key;          //银行管理员密码
	vector<Credit> Credits;        //信用卡账户管理
	vector<Debit> Debits;          //储蓄卡账户管理
protected:
	void debitMenu();               //储蓄卡界面
	void debitOperate(Debit& d);    //储蓄卡操作集合
	void creditMenu();              //信用卡界面
	void creditOperate(Credit& c);  //信用卡操作集合
	bool bankAuthority();           //银行管理员授权
	void writeFile();               //文件写入
	void readFile();                //读取文件
public:
	~ATM();
	void createDebit();             //创建储蓄卡账户
	void createCredit();            //创建信用卡账户
	void queryCredit();             //储蓄卡信息查询
	void queryDebit();              //信用卡信息查询
	void deleteDebit();             //删除储蓄卡账户
	void deleteCredit();            //删除信用卡账户
	void collectInfo();             //账户信息汇总
	void loginAcct();               //账户登录
	void menu();                    //主界面
	void ATMfuncation();            //ATM功能
	void disp();                    //开始界面
	void exitdisp();                //结束界面                       
};

const int ATM::key = 215000;     //银行管理员密码

//*******************************方法实现*******************************

//设置浮点数输出格式
void setFormat()
{
	cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed)
		<< setprecision(2);
}

void Account::createAcct()
{
	cout << "新建账号:______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> acctnum;
	cout << "密码:______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> psword;
}

void Account::perfectInfo()
{
	cout << "请完善账户信息:\n";
	cout << "请输入姓名:_____________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> name;
	cout << "请输入电话号码:_____________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> telnum;
	cout << "请输入身份证号:______________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> idnum;
	cout << "请输入家庭住址:______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> addr;
	cout << "请输入性别(m for man, f for female):___\b\b\b";
	cin >> sex;
}

Account::~Account()
{
	name.clear();
	addr.clear();
}

bool Account::Match()
{
	long pass;
	cout << "请输入密码:_________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> pass;
	int cx = 4;
	while ((pass != psword) && cx) {
		printf("密码错误，您还剩余%d次机会。\n", cx);
		cout << "请重新输入:_______\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
		cin >> pass;
		cx--;
	}
	if (cx == 0 && pass != psword) {
		cout << "登录失败。\n";
		return false;
	}
	cout << "登录成功。\n";
	return true;
}

void Account::showAccount() const
{
	cout << "账户:" << acctnum
		<< "\n姓名:" << name
		<< "\n性别:" << sex
		<< "\n电话:" << telnum
		<< "\n身份证号:" << idnum
		<< "\n住址:" << addr << endl;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& fin, Debit& a)
{
	fin >> a.acctnum >> a.psword >> a.name >> a.sex >> a.telnum >> a.idnum >> a.addr >> a.balance;
	return fin;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& fout, const Debit& a)
{
	fout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) << setprecision(2);
	fout << a.acctnum << " "
		<< a.psword << " "
		<< a.name << " "
		<< a.sex << " "
		<< a.telnum << " "
		<< a.idnum << " "
		<< a.addr << " "
		<< a.balance << endl;
	return fout;
}

void Debit::queryBalance() const
{
	cout << "账户余额:" << balance << endl;
}

void Debit::Withdraw()
{
	double m;
	cout << "请输入取款金额:___\b\b\b";
	cin >> m;
	if (m < 0) {
		cout << "取款金额输入错误\n"
			<< "取款失败。\n";
	}
	else {
		if (m > balance) {
			cout << "取款金额超过账户所剩余额\n"
				<< "取款失败。\n";
		}
		else {
			balance -= m;
			cout << "取款成功。\n"
				<< "账户余额:" << balance << endl;
		}
	}
}

void Debit::Deposit()
{
	double m;
	cout << "请输入存款金额:___\b\b\b";
	cin >> m;
	if (m < 0) {
		cout << "存款金额输入错误\n"
			<< "存款取消.\n";
	}
	else {
		cout << "1 for 1~2 month, rate 0.02\n"
			<< "2 for 3~5 month, rate 0.05\n"
			<< "3 for 6~12 month, rate 0.08\n"
			<< "请输入存款选择:_\b";

		//存款利率选择
		int ans;
		double rat;
		cin >> ans;
		if (ans < 1 && ans>3) {
			cout << "错误选择，存款取消！\n";
			return;
		}
		else if (ans == 1) rat = 0.02;
		else if (ans == 2) rat = 0.05;
		else if (ans == 3) rat = 0.08;

		m *= (1 + rat);
		balance += m;
		cout << "存款成功.\n"
			<< "账户余额:" << balance << endl;
	}
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream & fout,const Credit & a)
{
	fout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) << setprecision(2);
	fout << a.acctnum << " "
		<< a.psword << " "
		<< a.name << " "
		<< a.sex << " "
		<< a.telnum << " "
		<< a.idnum << " "
		<< a.addr << " "
		<< a.balance << " "
		<< a.maxLoan << " "
		<< a.rate << " "
		<< a.owes << " "
		<< a.p.scale << " " << a.p.floorrate << " " << a.p.toploan << " " << a.p.queueRequired << endl;
	return fout;
}

istream& operator>>(istream & fin, Credit& a)
{
	fin >> a.acctnum >> a.psword >> a.name >> a.sex >> a.telnum >> a.idnum >> a.addr >> a.balance
		>> a.maxLoan >> a.rate >> a.owes >> a.p.scale >> a.p.floorrate >> a.p.toploan >> a.p.queueRequired;
	return fin;
}

void Credit::upgrade()
{
	if (p.scale == "vip") {
		cout << "账户已达最高等级，无法继续升级。\n";
		return;
	}
	p = p2;
	cout << "升级成功。\n";
}

void Credit::queryBalance() const
{
	cout << "账户余额:" << balance
		<< "\t透支额度:" << maxLoan
		<< "\t利率:" << rate
		<< "\t透支金额:" << owes << endl;
}

void Credit::Repay()
{
	double owe; //偿还金额

	cout << "透支金额:" << owes << "\t账户余额:" << balance << endl;
	cout << "请输入偿还金额:__\b\b";
	cin >> owe;

	if (owe > owes) {
		cout << "超过实际透支金额，偿还取消。\n";
		return;
	}
	cout << "是否使用账户余额偿还透支(1 for Yes, 2 for No):__\b\b";
	int ans;
	cin >> ans;
	if (ans != 1 && ans != 2) {
		cout << "选择错误，偿还取消。\n";
		return;
	}

	//使用账户余额还款
	else if (ans == 1) 
	{
		//账户余额足够
		if (balance >= owe) 
		{
			balance -= owe;
			owes -= owe;
			cout << "偿还成功。\n"
				<< "账户余额:" << balance
				<< "\t透支金额:" << owes << endl;
		}
		else 
		{
			//账户余额不足
			cout << "账户余额不足，是否将剩余部分补齐(1 for Yes, 2 for No):__\b\b";
			cin >> ans;
			if (ans == 1) 
			{
				balance = 0;
				owes -= owe;
				cout << "偿还成功。"
					<< "账户余额:" << balance
					<< "\t透支金额:" << owes << endl;
			}
			else 
			{
				cout << "偿还失败。\n";
			}
		}
	}

	//不使用账户余额还款
	else {
		cout << "是否将相应数额存入账户(1 for Yes, 2 for No)__\b\b";
		cin >> ans;
		if (ans == 1) {
			cout << "偿还成功。"
				<< "账户余额:" << balance
				<< "\t透支金额:" << owes << endl;
		}
		else {
			cout << "偿还失败。\n";
		}
	}
}

void Credit::Withdraw()
{
	double m;  //取款金额

	cout << "请输入取款金额:___\b\b\b";
	cin >> m;

	//取款金额小于账户余额
	if (m <= balance) {
		balance -= m;
		cout << "取款成功。\n"
			<< "账户余额:" << balance << endl;
	}

	//取款金额大于账户余额
	else {
		cout << "取款金额超过账户剩余，"
			<< "是否进行透支(1 for Yes, 2 for No):___\b\b\b";
		int ans;
		cin >> ans;
		if (ans == 1) {
			if (m > (balance + maxLoan - owes)) {
				cout << "超过透支上限，"
					<< "取款失败。\n";
			}
			else {
				double interest;   //透支利息
				m -= balance;
				interest = m*rate;
				owes += m + interest;
				balance = 0;
				cout << "取款成功。\n"
					<< "账户余额:" << balance
					<< "\t透支金额:" << owes << endl;
			}
		}
		else
			cout << "取款失败。\n";
	}
}

void Credit::Deposit()
{
	double m;  //存款金额

	cout << "请输入存款金额:___\b\b\b";
	cin >> m;
	if (m < 0) {
		cout << "存款金额输入错误\n"
			<< "存款取消。\n";
	}
	else {
		cout << "1 for 1~2 month, rate 0.02\n"
			<< "2 for 3~5 month, rate 0.05\n"
			<< "3 for 6~12 month, rate 0.08\n"
			<< "请输入存款选择:_\b";

		//存款利率选择
		int ans;
		double rat;
		cin >> ans;
		if (ans < 1 && ans>3) {
			cout << "错误选择，存款取消！\n";
			return;
		}
		else if (ans == 1) rat = 0.02;
		else if (ans == 2) rat = 0.05;
		else if (ans == 3) rat = 0.08;

		m *= (1 + rat);
		balance += m;
		cout << "存款成功.\n"
			<< "账户余额:" << balance << endl;
	}
}

void Credit::showPrivilege() const
{
	cout << "等级:" << p.scale
		<< "\n最高透支金额:" << p.toploan
		<< "\n最低利率:" << p.floorrate
		<< "\n是否需要排队:";
	if (p.queueRequired == 0) cout << "false\n";
	else cout << "true\n";
}

void Credit::setMAXLoan()
{
	double m;
	cout << "请设置透支金额:__\b\b";
	cin >> m;

	//账户等级限定最大额度
	if (m<0 || m > p.toploan)
		cout << "超限，设置失败。\n";
	else {
		maxLoan = m;
		cout << "设置成功。\n";
	}
}

void Credit::setRate()
{
	double r;
	cout << "利率区间" << p.floorrate << "~0.3\n";
	cout << "设置利率:__\b\b";
	cin >> r;
	if (r > 0 && r < p.floorrate)
		cout << "设置超出等级限制，设置失败。\n";
	else if (r > 0.3 && r < 0)
		cout << "请输入合法数字。\n";
	else {
		rate = r;
		cout << "设置成功。\n";
	}
}

void ATM::readFile()
{
	ifstream fin1("debitClient.txt");
	if (!fin1) {
		cout << "文件未打开！\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	for (Debit d; fin1 >> d;)
		Debits.push_back(d);

	ifstream fin2("creditClient.txt");
	if (!fin2) {
		cout << "文件未打开！\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	for (Credit d; fin2 >> d;)
		Credits.push_back(d);

	fin1.close();
	fin2.close();
}

void ATM::writeFile()
{
	ofstream fout1;
	fout1.open("debitClient.txt");
	if (!fout1) {
		cout << "文件未打开！\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	ostream_iterator<Debit> itrOut1(fout1);
	copy(Debits.begin(), Debits.end(), itrOut1);
	
	ofstream fout2;
	fout2.open("creditClient.txt");
	if (!fout2) {
		cout << "文件未打开！\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	ostream_iterator<Credit> itrOut2(fout2);
	copy(Credits.begin(), Credits.end(), itrOut2);

	fout1.close();
	fout2.close();
}

void ATM::disp()
{
	readFile();
	cout << endl << endl << endl << endl << endl;
	cout << "                                         *******************************" << endl;
	cout << "                                         *                             *" << endl;
	cout << "                                         *    欢迎使用ATM存取一体机!   *" << endl;
	cout << "                                         *                             *" << endl;
	cout << "                                         *******************************" << endl << endl;
	cout << "                                                    按Enter键继续!" << endl;
	getchar();
}

void ATM::exitdisp()
{
	writeFile();
	system("cls");
	cout << endl << endl << endl << endl << endl;
	cout << "                                         *******************************" << endl;
	cout << "                                         *                             *" << endl;
	cout << "                                         *    感谢您的使用!            *" << endl;
	cout << "                                         *                             *" << endl;
	cout << "                                         *******************************" << endl << endl;
}

bool ATM::bankAuthority()
{
	cout << "请输入银行管理员密码，获得授权:______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	int k;
	cin >> k;
	int cx = 4;
	int flag = 1;
	while (flag&&cx) {
		if (k == key) {
			flag = 0;
			break;
		}
		printf("密码错误，您还剩余%d次机会。\n", cx);
		cout << "请重新输入:_______\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
		cin >> k;
		cx--;
	}
	if (flag == 1) {
		cout << "授权失败，无法操作。\n";
		return false;
	}
	cout << "授权成功，请继续操作。\n";
	return true;
}

void ATM::debitMenu()
{
	system("cls");
	cout << endl << endl << endl << endl << "                        请选择操作序号！(0~4)" << endl;
	cout << "                           **********************************************************" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                                                        *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    0.返回主界面                        *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    1.存款                              *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    2.取款                              *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    3.显示余额                          *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    4.显示账户信息                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                                                        *" << endl;
	cout << "                           **********************************************************" << endl;
}

void ATM::debitOperate(Debit& d)
{
	//进入用户界面
	debitMenu();

	int choice;
	cout << "              请输入您的选择:";
	cin >> choice;
	while (choice != 0) {
		cout << "*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *\n";
		switch (choice)
		{
		case 1:
			d.Deposit();
			break;
		case 2:
			d.Withdraw();
			break;
		case 3:
			d.queryBalance();
			break;
		case 4:
			d.showAccount();
			break;
		default:
			cout << "输入错误！\n";
		}
		cout << "*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *\n\n";
		cout << "              请输入您的选择:";
		cin >> choice;
	}
	//返回主界面
	menu();
}

void ATM::creditOperate(Credit& c)
{
	//进入用户界面
	creditMenu();

	int choice;
	cout << "              请输入您的选择:";
	cin >> choice;
	while (choice != 0) {
		cout << "*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *\n";
		switch (choice)
		{
		case 1:
			c.Deposit();
			break;
		case 2:
			c.Withdraw();
			break;
		case 3:
			c.queryBalance();
			break;
		case 4:
			c.showAccount();
			break;
		case 5:
			c.Repay();
			break;
		case 6:
			c.showPrivilege();
			break;
		case 7:
			if (bankAuthority())
				c.setMAXLoan();
			break;
		case 8:
			if (bankAuthority())
				c.setRate();
			break;
		case 9:
			if (bankAuthority())
				c.upgrade();
			break;
		default:
			cout << "输入错误！\n";
		}
		cout << "*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *\n\n";
		cout << "              请输入您的选择:";
		cin >> choice;
	}

	//返回主界面
	menu();
}

void ATM::creditMenu()
{
	system("cls");
	cout << endl << endl << endl << endl << "                        请选择操作序号！(0~8)" << endl;
	cout << "                           **********************************************************" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                                                        *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    0.返回主界面                        *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    1.存款                              *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    2.取款                              *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    3.显示余额                          *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    4.显示信息                          *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    5.偿还透支                          *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    6.显示信用卡等级                    *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    7.设置透支额度                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    8.设置利率                          *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    9.升级                              *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                                                        *" << endl;
	cout << "                           **********************************************************" << endl;
}

void ATM::queryDebit()
{
	cout << "输入查询账号:________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	long acct;
	cin >> acct;
	vector<Debit>::iterator it;
	for (it = Debits.begin(); it != Debits.end(); it++)
	{
		if ((*it).retAccount() == acct) break;
	}
	if (it == Debits.end()) {
		cout << "账号不存在。\n";
		return;
	}
	(*it).showAccount();
	(*it).queryBalance();
}

void ATM::queryCredit()
{
	cout << "输入查询账号:________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	long acct;
	cin >> acct;
	vector<Credit>::iterator it;
	for (it = Credits.begin(); it != Credits.end(); it++)
	{
		if ((*it).retAccount() == acct) break;
	}
	if (it == Credits.end()) {
		cout << "账号不存在。\n";
		return;
	}
	(*it).showAccount();
	(*it).queryBalance();
}

void ATM::collectInfo()
{
	cout << "\n***********************************账户基本信息表\n";
	cout << "储蓄卡汇总:" << "\t账户个数:" << Debits.size() << "                      *\n";
	for (auto it = Debits.begin(); it != Debits.end(); it++) {
		cout << "账户:" << (*it).acctnum
			<< "\t姓名:" << (*it).name << endl;
	}
	cout << endl;
	cout << "信用卡汇总:" << "\t账户个数:" << Credits.size() << "                      *\n";
	for (auto it = Credits.begin(); it != Credits.end(); it++) {
		cout << "账户:" << (*it).acctnum
			<< "\t姓名:" << (*it).name << endl;
	}
	cout << "*************************************************\n\n";
}

void ATM::deleteDebit()
{
	long acct, ps;
	cout << "请输入账号:______\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> acct;
	vector<Debit>::iterator it;
	for (it = Debits.begin(); it != Debits.end(); it++)
	{
		if ((*it).retAccount() == acct) break;
	}
	if (it == Debits.end()) {
		cout << "账号不存在。\n";
		return;
	}
	cout << "请输入密码:_______\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> ps;
	if (ps != (*it).retPsword()) {
		cout << "密码错误，删除失败。\n";
		return;
	}
	cout << "是否确认删除:___\b\b\b";
	char ans;
	cin >> ans;
	if (ans == '否') {
		cout << "取消删除。\n";
		return;
	}
	Debits.erase(it);
	cout << "删除成功。\n";
}

void ATM::deleteCredit()
{
	long acct, ps;
	cout << "请输入账号:______\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> acct;
	vector<Credit>::iterator it;
	for (it = Credits.begin(); it != Credits.end(); it++)
	{
		if ((*it).retAccount() == acct) break;
	}
	if (it == Credits.end()) {
		cout << "账号不存在。\n";
		return;
	}
	cout << "请输入密码:_______\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	cin >> ps;
	if (ps != (*it).retPsword()) {
		cout << "密码错误，删除失败。\n";
		return;
	}
	cout << "是否确认删除:___\b\b\b";
	char ans;
	cin >> ans;
	if (ans == '否') {
		cout << "取消删除。\n";
		return;
	}
	Credits.erase(it);
	cout << "删除成功。\n";
}

void ATM::loginAcct()
{
	cout << "请输入账号类型(c for Credit, d for Debit):___\b\b\b";
	char t;
	cin >> t;
	cout << "请输入账号：_______\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	long acct;
	cin >> acct;
	if (t == 'd') {
		vector<Debit>::iterator it;
		for (it = Debits.begin(); it != Debits.end(); it++)
		{
			if ((*it).retAccount() == acct) break;
		}

		if (it == Debits.end()) {
			cout << "您所输入的账号不存在。\n";
			return;
		}
		if ((*it).Account::Match())  debitOperate(*it);
	}
	else {
		vector<Credit>::iterator it;
		for (it = Credits.begin(); it != Credits.end(); it++)
		{
			if ((*it).retAccount() == acct) break;
		}
		if (it == Credits.end()) {
			cout << "您所输入的账号不存在。\n";
			return;
		}
		if ((*it).Account::Match())  creditOperate(*it);
	}
}

void ATM::menu()
{
	system("cls");
	cout << endl << endl << endl << endl << "                        请选择操作序号！(0~8)" << endl;
	cout << "                           **********************************************************" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                                                        *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    0.退出                              *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    1.创建储蓄账户                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    2.创建信用账户                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    3.删除储蓄账户                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    4.删除信用账户                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    5.查询储蓄账户                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    6.查询信用账户                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    7.账户登录                          *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                    8.账户信息汇总                      *" << endl;
	cout << "                           *                                                        *" << endl;
	cout << "                           **********************************************************" << endl;
}

void ATM::ATMfuncation()
{
	menu();
	int choice;
	cout << "              请输入您的选择:";
	cin >> choice;
	while (choice != 0) {
		cout << "*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *\n";
		switch (choice)
		{
		case 1:
			createDebit();
			break;
		case 2:
			createCredit();
			break;
		case 3:
			deleteDebit();
			break;
		case 4:
			deleteCredit();
			break;
		case 5:
			if (bankAuthority())
				queryDebit();
			break;
		case 6:
			if (bankAuthority())
				queryCredit();
			break;
		case 7:
			loginAcct();
			break;
		case 8:
			if (bankAuthority())
				collectInfo();
			break;
		default:
			cout << "输入错误！\n";
		}
		cout << "*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *\n";
		cout << "              请输入您的选择:";
		cin >> choice;
	}
}

void ATM::createDebit()
{
	if (Debits.size() == Debits.max_size()) {
		cout << "储蓄卡账户已达上限。";
		return;
	}
	Debit t;
	t.createAcct();
	vector<Debit>::iterator it;
	for (it = Debits.begin(); it != Debits.end(); it++)
	{
		if ((*it).retAccount() == t.acctnum) {
			cout << "账户已存在，新建失败。\n";
			return;
		}
	}
	if (it == Debits.end())
		cout << "账户创建成功。\n";

	//基本信息完善
	t.perfectInfo();
	Debits.push_back(t);
}

void ATM::createCredit()
{
	if (Credits.size() == Credits.max_size()) {
		cout << "信用卡账户已达上限。";
		return;
	}
	Credit t;
	t.createAcct();
	vector<Credit>::iterator it;
	for (it = Credits.begin(); it != Credits.end(); it++)
	{
		if ((*it).retAccount() == t.acctnum) {
			cout << "账户已存在，新建失败。\n";
			return;
		}
	}
	if (it == Credits.end())
		cout << "账户创建成功。\n";

	cout << "请输入账号等级(1 for common,2 for vip):___\b\b\b";
	int scale;
	cin >> scale;
	if (scale == 1) t.p = p1;
	else t.p = p2;

	//基本信息完善
	t.perfectInfo();
	Credits.push_back(t);
}

ATM::~ATM()
{
	Credits.clear();
	vector<Credit>().swap(Credits);
	Debits.clear();
	vector<Debit>().swap(Debits);
}
//******************************************************************

int main() {
	setFormat();
	ATM atm;
	atm.disp();
	atm.ATMfuncation();
	atm.exitdisp();
	system("pause");
}