数据库定时备份脚本如下：

   在linux cron定时任务启动上面的脚本即可运行。

#!/bin/bash

mysql_user="root" #MySQL备份用户
mysql_password="123456" #MySQL备份用户的密码
mysql_host="222.74.0.138"
mysql_port="3306"
mysql_charset="utf8"
backup_db_arr=("workport" "jeecms20201201") 
backup_location=/home/mysqlback  
expire_backup_delete="ON" 
expire_days=15

backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`  
backup_Ymd=`date +%Y-%m-%d` 
backup_3ago=`date -d '3 days ago' +%Y-%m-%d` 
backup_dir=$backup_location/$backup_Ymd  
welcome_msg="Use MySQL backup tools!" 

# 判断MYSQL是否启动,mysql没有启动则备份退出
mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l`
mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l`
if [ [$mysql_ps == 0] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then
        echo "ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!"
        exit
else
        echo $welcome_msg
fi

# 连接到mysql数据库，无法连接则备份退出
mysql -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password <<end
use mysql;
select host,user from user where user='root' and host='localhost';
exit
end

flag=`echo $?`
if [ $flag != "0" ]; then
        echo "error:Can't connect mysql server! backup stop!"
        exit
else
        echo "mysql connect ok! Please wait......"
        # 判断有没有定义备份的数据库，如果定义则开始备份，否则退出备份
        if [ "$backup_db_arr" != "" ];then
                #dbnames=$(cut -d ',' -f1-5 $backup_database)
                #echo "arr is (${backup_db_arr[@]})"
                for dbname in ${backup_db_arr[@]}
                do
                        echo "database $dbname backup start..."
                        `mkdir -p $backup_dir`
                        `mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password $dbname --default-character-set=$mysql_charset | gzip > $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz`
                        flag=`echo $?`
                        if [ $flag == "0" ];then
                                echo "database $dbname success backup to $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz"
                        else
                                echo "database $dbname backup fail!"
                        fi
                        
                done
        else
                echo "error:no database to backup! backup stop"
                exit
        fi
        # 如果开启了删除过期备份，则进行删除操作
        if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a  "$backup_location" != "" ];then
                 #`find $backup_location/ -type d -o -type f -ctime +$expire_days -exec rm -rf {} \;`
                 `find $backup_location/ -type d -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf`
                 echo "Expired backup data delete complete!"
        fi
        echo "All database backup success!"
        exit
fi

在windows服务器上，想要定时备份数据库数据，可采用windows的任务计划程序+数据库备份脚本组合。其中，MySQL数据库备份，起到关键作用是mysqldump。有关于mysqldump命令的用法，可以找MySQL的官方文档了解。

1 备份脚本

@echo off

echo 设置MySql数据库的连接信息
set host=127.0.0.1
set port=3306
set user=root
set pass=admin

echo 设置要备份MySql数据库名称
set dbname=test

echo 获取当天的日期格式，例如：20200902231300
set hour=%time:~0,2%
if "%time:~0,1%"==" " set hour=0%time:~1,1%

set backup_date=%Date:~0,4%%Date:~5,2%%Date:~8,2%%hour%%Time:~3,2%%Time:~6,2%

echo 设置备份文件的路径
set backupfile=D:\mysql\beifen\%dbname%-%backup_date%.sql


echo 使用mysqldump对指定的MySql进行备份
echo 注意路径中有空格的要加上双引号

"C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin\mysqldump" -h%host% -P%port% -u%user% -p%pass% -c --add-drop-table %dbname% > %backupfile%

echo 删除过期文件，这里是超过30天就删除

forfiles /p D:\mysql\beifen /s /m *.sql /d -30 /c "cmd /c del @file /f"

2 备份成功截图