在我们详细介绍之前，我们必须说清楚一点：Oracle不提供如删除表、视图一样删除数据文件的方法，数据文件是表空间的一部分，所以不能“移走”表空间。

一、使用offline数据文件的方法

非归档模式使用：alter database datafile '...' offline drop;

归档模式使用：  alter database datafile '...' offline;

说明：

1)         以上命令只是将该数据文件OFFLINE，而不是在数据库中删除数据文件。该数据文件的信息在控制文件种仍存在。查询v$datafile，仍显示该文件。

2)         归档模式下offline和offline drop效果是一样的

3)         offline后，存在此datafile上的对象将不能访问

4)         noarchivelog模式下，只要online redo日志没有被重写，可以对这个文件recover后进行online操作

实际使用案例：

直接删除数据文件后无法进入系统的解决方案

正常情况下，删除表空间的正确方法为：

DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

如果没有通过以上命令删除而直接删除了数据文件，将导致数据库无法打开。

如果直接删除了数据文件

普通用户登录时，则报错：

ORA-01033: ORACLE initialization or shutdown in progress

sys用户可以正常登录

但进行操作时(SELECT count(1) FROM user_tables)，则会报错：

ORA-01219: 数据库未打开: 仅允许在固定表/视图中查询

如果执行命令alter database open以打开数据库时，又报如下错：

ORA-01157: 无法标识/锁定数据文件 12 - 请参阅 DBWR 跟踪文件

ORA-01110: 数据文件 12: 'E:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/ORCL/TSTEST001.DBF'

说明数据库没找到这个数据文件

因为数据文件在没有被offline的情况下物理删除了,导致oracle的数据不一致,因此启动失败.

通过以下方法即可解决

解决方法：

sqlplus sys/orcl@orcl as sysdba;

SQL> alter database datafile 'E:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/ORCL/TSTEST001.DBF' offline drop;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> drop tablespace CTBASEDATA;

二、Oracle 10G R2开始，可以采用：Alter tablespace tablespace_name drop datafile file_name;来删除一个空数据文件，并且相应的数据字典信息也会清除:

sys@ORCL>select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files

2  where tablespace_name='USERS';

FILE_ID  FILE_NAME                        TABLESPACE_NAME

-------    --------------------------------------------       ------------------

4        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf    USERS

sys@ORCL>alter tablespace users add datafile

2  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf' size 5M autoextend off;

Tablespace altered.

sys@ORCL>select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files

2  where tablespace_name='USERS';

FILE_ID  FILE_NAME                          TABLESPACE_NAME

-------    --------------------------------------------        -------------------

4        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf     USERS

9        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf     USERS

sys@ORCL>drop table test;

Table dropped.

sys@ORCL>create table test tablespace users

2  as

3  select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

sys@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,FILE_ID,BLOCKS from dba_extents

2  where file_id=9;

SEGMENT_NAME                      FILE_ID     BLOCKS

------------------------------                  ----------      ----------

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9          8

TEST                                    9        128

TEST                                    9        128

17 rows selected.

sys@ORCL>alter table test move tablespace PERFSTAT; --把表移动到其它表空间

Table altered.

sys@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,FILE_ID,BLOCKS from dba_extents

2  where file_id=9;

no rows selected

sys@ORCL>alter tablespace users drop datafile

2  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf';

Tablespace altered.

2  where tablespace_name='USERS';

FILE_ID  FILE_NAME                       TABLESPACE_NAME

-------    --------------------------------------------      ---------------------

4        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf   USERS

三、oracle 10g可以删除临时表空间的文件

alter database tempfile '/home/oracle/temp01.dbf' drop including datafiles;

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1)批量将niptest表空间中的表move到USERS表空间，再删除表空间niptest首先看下此表空间内的表move到其他表空间防止数据丢失

select * from dba_tables where tablespace_name='NIPTEST';

select * from dba_extents where tablespace_name='NIPTEST';

select * from dba_segments where tablespace_name='NIPTEST';

SELECT 'alter table '||owner||'.'||table_name||' move tablespace USERS;' FROM DBA_tables WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='NIPTEST'; 批量把表移动到其他表空间

******move(降低高水位)

优点：可以移动表到其他表空间，在执行命令时不需要执行alter table table_name enable row movement

缺点：表move会导致表中的索引失效，要rebuild；同时表会产生行级锁......；在此如果表中有LOB字段时要用一下命令来实现表空间移动：alter table owner.table_name move tablespace tablespace_name lob (lob_column) store as lob segment  tablespace tablespace_name;也可以单独move lob，index要rebuild

******shrink space

优点：降低高水位时索引不会失效

缺点：不能将表移动到其他表空间；高水位降低效果没有move明显；同时在执行命令前要先执行(alter table table_name enable row movement允许行移动)也会表会产生行级锁.......，shrink比move更耗费cpu,产生很多current block这样生成巨大的redo与undo如果表中索引很少可以建议使用move降低高水位

2)移动完表发现主键和索引还是在源表空间

SELECT * FROM DBA_extents WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='USERS';   -->查看原表空间的主键和索引alter index XX rebuild tablespace ;

---> 批量执行索引重建

SELECT 'alter index  '||owner||'.'||segment_name||' rebuild tablespace USERS;' FROM DBA_extents WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='NIPTEST';批量将主键索引重建到其他表空间select * from dba_segments where tablespace_name='NIPTEST';弄完上面的操作，这里还有数据，不要在意，那是回收站的，无需修改直接删表空间即清空

(3) 表都移动完了之后先把数据文件offline drop再删除数据文件

alter database datafile '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/kfdb/niptest1' offline drop;

---> 查看下数据文件状态

select status from dba_tablespaces v$datafile where tablespace_name='NIPTEST'; -----offline--> 再删除表空间drop tablespace niptest; --> 删除表空间，但不删除其文件

drop tablespace niptest including contents; -->删除表空间同时删除表空间的数据对象drop tablespace niptest including contents and datafiles;

-->删除表空间时删除数据对象及其OS系统文件一起删除，，以便释放空间,前提表空间不能是数据库默认表空间否则会 报错：ORA-12919: Can not drop the default permanent tablespace

(4)怎么查看下数据库的默认表空间是什么：select * from database_properties where property_name = 'DEFAULT_PERMANENT_TABLESPACE';

如果您删除的表空间是数据库默认表空间要用一下命令来

更换数据库默认表空间：alter database default tablespace users;再执行： drop tablespace niptest including contents and datafiles;

[root@kfdb49 kfdb]# df -hl  --> 看下OS系统空间情况  --- 表空间释放

------创建表空间的语句：create tablespace niptest datafile '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/kfdb/niptest1' size 10G autoextend on next XXM maxsize XXm extent management local;

有的人会想着再创建一个niptest 为10G的表空间，避免后期imp时源表的表空间是niptest

： 其实不需要，如果库中没有niptest表空间，就算imp源表的表空间是niptest，也会导入到用户的默认表空间，有niptest表空间的话则会导入到niptest表空间(如果后续不想拥有niptest表空间 就要斩草除根的将niptest删除之后不要创建)

回收unlimited tablespace 给予额外权限niptest表空间权限会正常导入，否则报错

额外权限和用户默认表空间是一个的话可以正常导入，否则知道表结构到用户默认表空间

如何正确的删除表空间数据文件

应该使用如下的命令删除：

ALTER TABLESPACE TEST DROP DATAFILE3;

参考mos文章：

Unable to Drop a Datafile From the Tablespace Using Alter Tablespace Command (文档ID 1050261.1)

违反下列任何一个条件，该datafile均不能被drop：

1)必须为空，否则会报：ORA-03262: the file is non-empty。值得注意的是，non-empty的含义是有extent被分配给了table，而不是该table中有无rows，此时若是使用drop table xxx是不行的，必须使用drop table xxx purge;或者在已经使用了drop table xxx的情况下，再使用purge table “xxx表在回收站中的名称”来purge该表，否则空间还是不释放，datafile依然drop不掉。

2)不能是所属表空间的第一个file

以上两者可以通过drop tablespace来达到目的。

3)不能在read-only表空间中。---经测试是可以的

4)不能被offline，否则会报：ORA-03264: cannot drop offline datafile of locally managed tablespace

针对该报错，解决方法为：

[oracle@rhel6 u01]$ oerr ora 3264

03264, 00000, "cannot drop offline datafile of locally managed tablespace"

// *Cause:  Trying to drop offline datafile in lmts

// *Action: Try to drop file afetr making it online

5)Cannot be a datafile that is part of the system tablespace, even if it is not the first datafile of the system tablespace--该条来源于How to Drop a Datafile From a Tablespace (文档ID 111316.1)

若使用alter database datafile 3 offline drop;并不会删除数据文件，这个时候可以先online后再用alter tablespace test drop datafile 3;删除，若执行alter database  datafile 3 offline drop;后并OS级别删除了数据文件，那么需要使用alter database create datafile 3 as '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/ora1024g/sysaux01.dbf';来添加一个数据文件，然后再执行recover并online后再用alter tablespace test drop datafile 3;命令删除。

1. alter database datafile 'file_name' offline drop

该命令不会删除数据文件，只是将数据文件的状态更改为recover。 offline drop命令相当于把一个数据文件至于离线状态，并且需要恢复，并非删除数据文件。 数据文件的相关信息还会存在数据字典和控制文件中。

1.1 对于归档模式：

alter database datafile 'file_name' offline 和 offline drop 没有什么区别。 因为offline 之后多需要进行recover 才可以online。

如：

SQL>ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/stuff01.dbf' OFFLINE;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/stuff01.dbf' ONLINE;

1.2 对于非归档模式：

如果是非归档模式，只能是offline drop. 因为非归档模式没有归档文件来进行recover操作，当然，如果offline 之后，速度足够块，online redo里的数据还没有被覆盖掉，那么这种情况下，还是可以进行recover的。

oracle 11g:

SQL>ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/users03.dbf' OFFLINE FOR DROP;

2. alter tablesapce ‘tablespace_name’ drop datafile 'datafile_name'

该语句会删除磁盘上的文件并更新控制文件和数据字典中的信息，删除之后的原数据文件序列号可以重用。

注意，该语句只能是datafile online的时候才可以使用。如果说对应的数据文件已经是offline for drop，那么仅针对 dictionary managed tablespaces 可用。

OFFLINESpecify OFFLINE to take the data file offline. If the database is open,

then you must perform media recovery on the data file before bringing it back

online, because a checkpoint is not performed on the data file before it is

taken offline.

FOR DROPIf

the database is in NOARCHIVELOG mode, then you must specify FOR DROP clause to take a data file offline. However,

this clause does not remove the data file from the database. To do that, you

must use an operating system command or drop the tablespace in which the data

file resides. Until you do so, the data file remains in the data dictionary with

the status RECOVER or OFFLINE.

If the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode, then Oracle Database

ignores the FOR DROP clause.

Bringing Data Files Online or Taking Offline in ARCHIVELOG

Mode

To bring an individual data file online,

issue the ALTER DATABASE statement and include the DATAFILE clause. The following statement brings the specified data

file online:

ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/stuff01.dbf' ONLINE;

To take the same file offline, issue the following statement:

ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/stuff01.dbf' OFFLINE;

Note:

To use this form of the ALTER DATABASE statement, the database must be in ARCHIVELOG mode. This

requirement prevents you from accidentally losing the data file, since taking

the data file offline while in NOARCHIVELOG mode is likely to

result in losing the file.

Taking Data Files Offline in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

To take a data file offline when the database

is in NOARCHIVELOG mode, use the ALTER DATABASE statement with both the DATAFILE and OFFLINE FOR DROP clauses.

The OFFLINE keyword causes the database to mark the data file OFFLINE, whether or not it is corrupted, so that you can open the

database.

The FOR DROP keywords mark the data file for

subsequent dropping. Such a data file can no longer be brought back online.

Note:

This operation does not actually drop the data file. It

remains in the data dictionary, and you must drop it yourself using one of the

following methods:

An ALTER TABLESPACE ... DROP DATAFILE statement.

After an OFFLINE FOR DROP, this method works for dictionary managed

tablespaces only.

A DROP TABLESPACE ... INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES statement

If the preceding methods fail, an operating system command to delete the data

file. This is the least desirable method, as it leaves references to the data

file in the data dictionary and control files.

The following statement takes the specified data file offline and marks it to

be dropped:

ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/users03.dbf' OFFLINE FOR DROP;

点击(此处)折叠或打开

SYS@ora10g> create tablespace ts_dd_lhr datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf' size 10M;

Tablespace created.

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf';

alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03261: the tablespace TS_DD_LHR has only one file

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr add datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf' size 10M;

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf';

alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03263: cannot drop the first file of tablespace TS_DD_LHR

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf';

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ora10g> ! ls -l /tmp/ts_dd_lhr0*

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Jun 29 14:58 /tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf

--------------------------------------------------

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr add datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf' size 10M;

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ora10g> alter database datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf' offline drop;

Database altered.

SYS@ora10g> ! ls -l /tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Jun 29 15:17 /tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf';

alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03264: cannot drop offline datafile of locally managed tablespace

SYS@ora10g> alter database datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf' online;

alter database datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf' online

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01113: file 9 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 9: '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf'

SYS@ora10g> recover datafile 9;

Media recovery complete.

SYS@ora10g> alter database datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf' online;

Database altered.

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf';

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ora10g> ! ls -l /tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf

ls: cannot access /tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf: No such file or directory

SYS@orclasm > create table t_ts_dd_lhr tablespace ts_dd_lhr as select * from dual;

Table created.

SYS@orclasm > truncate table t_ts_dd_lhr;

Table truncated.

SYS@orclasm >

SYS@orclasm > alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf';

alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03262: the file is non-empty

SYS@orclasm > drop table t_ts_dd_lhr;

Table dropped.

SYS@orclasm > alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf';

alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03262: the file is non-empty

SYS@orclasm > purge recyclebin;

Recyclebin purged.

SYS@orclasm > alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf';

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ora10g> create tablespace ts_dd_lhr datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf' size 10M;

alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr add datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf' size 10M;

Tablespace created.

SYS@ora10g> SYS@ora10g> SYS@ora10g>

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ora10g>

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr read only;

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ora10g> select * from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME BLOCK_SIZE INITIAL_EXTENT NEXT_EXTENT MIN_EXTENTS MAX_EXTENTS PCT_INCREASE MIN_EXTLEN STATUS CONTENTS LOGGING FOR EXTENT_MAN ALLOCATIO PLU SEGMEN DEF_TAB_ RETENTION BIG

------------------------------ ---------- -------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ---------- --------- --------- --------- --- ---------- --------- --- ------ -------- ----------- ---

SYSTEM 8192 65536 1 2147483645 65536 ONLINE PERMANENT LOGGING NO LOCAL SYSTEM NO MANUAL DISABLED NOT APPLY NO

UNDOTBS1 8192 65536 1 2147483645 65536 ONLINE UNDO LOGGING NO LOCAL SYSTEM NO MANUAL DISABLED NOGUARANTEE NO

SYSAUX 8192 65536 1 2147483645 65536 ONLINE PERMANENT LOGGING NO LOCAL SYSTEM NO AUTO DISABLED NOT APPLY NO

TEMP 8192 1048576 1048576 1 0 1048576 ONLINE TEMPORARY NOLOGGING NO LOCAL UNIFORM NO MANUAL DISABLED NOT APPLY NO

USERS 8192 65536 1 2147483645 65536 ONLINE PERMANENT LOGGING NO LOCAL SYSTEM NO AUTO DISABLED NOT APPLY NO

EXAMPLE 8192 65536 1 2147483645 65536 ONLINE PERMANENT NOLOGGING NO LOCAL SYSTEM YES AUTO DISABLED NOT APPLY NO

TS10GTEST 8192 65536 1 2147483645 65536 ONLINE PERMANENT LOGGING NO LOCAL SYSTEM NO AUTO DISABLED NOT APPLY NO

HHRIS 8192 65536 1 2147483645 65536 ONLINE PERMANENT LOGGING NO LOCAL SYSTEM NO AUTO DISABLED NOT APPLY NO

TS_DD_LHR 8192 65536 1 2147483645 65536 READ ONLY PERMANENT LOGGING NO LOCAL SYSTEM NO AUTO DISABLED NOT APPLY NO

9 rows selected.

SYS@ora10g>

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf';

alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr01.dbf'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03263: cannot drop the first file of tablespace TS_DD_LHR

SYS@ora10g>

SYS@ora10g> alter tablespace ts_dd_lhr drop datafile '/tmp/ts_dd_lhr02.dbf';

Tablespace altered.

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod

PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE    10.2.0.1.0      Production

TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+DATA/rac/datafile/system.256.746634087

+DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs1.258.746634089

+DATA/rac/datafile/sysaux.257.746634087

+DATA/rac/datafile/users.259.746634089

+DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs2.264.746634255

SQL> create tablespace test datafile '+DATA/rac/datafile/test01.dbf' size 10M;

Tablespace created.

SQL> alter tablespace test add datafile '+DATA/rac/datafile/test02.dbf' size 10M;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;

FILE# STATUS  NAME

---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------

1 SYSTEM  +DATA/rac/datafile/system.256.746634087

2 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs1.258.746634089

3 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/sysaux.257.746634087

4 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/users.259.746634089

5 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs2.264.746634255

6 ONLINE +DATA/rac/datafile/test01.dbf

7 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/test02.dbf

SQL> alter database datafile '+DATA/rac/datafile/test01.dbf' offline;

Database altered.

SQL> set wrap off;

SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;

FILE# STATUS  NAME

---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------

1 SYSTEM  +DATA/rac/datafile/system.256.746634087

2 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs1.258.746634089

3 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/sysaux.257.746634087

4 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/users.259.746634089

5 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs2.264.746634255

6 RECOVER +DATA/rac/datafile/test01.dbf

7 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/test02.dbf

7 rows selected.

SQL> alter tablespace test drop datafile 6;

alter tablespace test drop datafile 6

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03263: cannot drop the first file of tablespace TEST

这里报错了，因为datafile 6是test表空间第一个数据文件不让删(这种情况只能删表空间了)。 我们删除test02.dbf 看看

SQL> alter tablespace test drop datafile 7;

Tablespace altered.

-- 删除成功。

SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;

FILE# STATUS  NAME

---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------

1 SYSTEM  +DATA/rac/datafile/system.256.746634087

2 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs1.258.746634089

3 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/sysaux.257.746634087

4 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/users.259.746634089

5 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs2.264.746634255

6 RECOVER +DATA/rac/datafile/test01.dbf

6 rows selected.

去ASM 里看下物理文件是否删除掉了：

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd

ASMCMD> ls

DATA/

FRA/

ASMCMD> cd DATA

ASMCMD> ls

TEST/

DB_UNKNOWN/

RAC/

ASMCMD> cd RAC

ASMCMD> ls

CONTROLFILE/

DATAFILE/

TEMPFILE/

spfiletest.ora

spfilerac.ora

ASMCMD> cd DATAFILE

ASMCMD> ls

SYSAUX.257.746634087

SYSTEM.256.746634087

UNDOTBS1.258.746634089

UNDOTBS2.264.746634255

USERS.259.746634089

test01.dbf

--对应的物理文件test02.dbf 已经被删除了

我们将datafile 6 online 看看：

SQL> alter database datafile 6 online;

alter database datafile 6 online

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01113: file 6 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 6: '+DATA/rac/datafile/test01.dbf'

--提示需要recover。 这也就是需要归档文件的原因。

SQL> recover datafile 6;

Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database datafile 6 online;

Database altered.

SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;

FILE# STATUS  NAME

---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------

1 SYSTEM  +DATA/rac/datafile/system.256.746634087

2 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs1.258.746634089

3 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/sysaux.257.746634087

4 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/users.259.746634089

5 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs2.264.746634255

6 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/test01.dbf

6 rows selected.

最后把整个表空间test drop 掉：

SQL> drop tablespace test including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.

SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;

FILE# STATUS  NAME

---------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------

1 SYSTEM  +DATA/rac/datafile/system.256.746634087

2 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs1.258.746634089

3 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/sysaux.257.746634087

4 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/users.259.746634089

5 ONLINE  +DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs2.264.746634255

去ASM里看一下：

ASMCMD> ls

SYSAUX.257.746634087

SYSTEM.256.746634087

UNDOTBS1.258.746634089

UNDOTBS2.264.746634255

USERS.259.746634089

对应的物理文件没有了。

SQL>alter tablespace test drop datafile 8;

不能drop 非空的数据文件， 如果要drop 某个数据文件，需要先把对象移除走。

SELECT owner ownr,

segment_name name,

segment_type TYPE,

extent_id exid,

file_id fiid,

block_id blid,

blocks blks

FROM dba_extents

WHERE file_id = 8

ORDER BY block_id;

alter table temp move tablespace test2; 重建索引。

Unable to Drop a Datafile From the Tablespace Using Alter Tablespace Command (文档 ID 1050261.1)

In this Document

This document is being delivered to you via Oracle Support's Rapid Visibility (RaV) process and therefore has not been subject to an independent technical review.

APPLIES TO:

Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 10.2.0.1 to 11.2.0.1.0 [Release 10.2 to 11.2]

Information in this document applies to any platform.

***Checked for relevance on 01-Nov-2011***

***Checked for relevance on 27-Aug-2014***

SYMPTOMS

Attempting to drop a datafile from a tablespace using the 10.2 and higher feature:

alter tablespace ... drop datafile ... ;

fails. The errors reported may differ depending on the actual situation.

ORA-3262: the file is non-empty

ORA-3263: cannot drop the first file of tablespace

ORA-3264: cannot drop offline datafile of locally managed tablespace

ORA-60

Some errors are rather straightforward. However some errors are not, like the ORA-60. While the answer to the most common errors are self explanatory, this note focuses on the ORA-60 self-deadlock error received..

CHANGES

Datafile was lost at the Operating System level, causing the datafile to be in an OFFLINE status. Because the datafile contained some temporary segments and extents, these became invalid or stray. This causes an ORA-60 when trying to drop the datafile from the tablespace.

The datafile may be listed as MISSING in the datafile name, the reason for this is explained in:

Note 1050268.1: Explanation of MISSING keyword in datafile name

CAUSE

To drop a data file or temp file, it:

- Must be empty.

- Cannot be the first file that was created in the tablespace.

In such cases, drop the tablespace instead.

- Cannot be in a read-only tablespace.

- Cannot be offline.

SOLUTION

The missing datafile has left this tablespace in an indeterminate status. The tablespace itself can actually still be used. But when an object located in the missing datafile is accessed, the statement will error-out with:

ORA-376: file 7 cannot be read at this time

The tablespace will need to be dropped as well. The 10gR2 feature to drop a single datafile from a tablespace cannot be use in this situation..

The following notes can be used to recover the data:

Note 216683.1: How to Recover Data from a Tablespace When One or Several Datafiles are Lost.

Note 286355.1: How to Recover OFFLINE Dropped Datafile in ARCHIVELOG MODE

REFERENCES

NOTE:1050268.1- Explanation of MISSING keyword in datafile name

NOTE:286355.1- HOW TO RECOVER OFFLINE DROPPED DATAFILE IN ARCHIVELOG MODE

How to Drop a Datafile From a Tablespace (文档 ID 111316.1)

PURPOSE

This note explains how a datafile can be removed from a database.

Since there can be confusion as to how a datafile can be dropped because of

the ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE OFFLINE DROP command, this note explains the

steps needed to delete a datafile and, in contrast, when the OFFLINE DROP

command is used.

SCOPE & APPLICATION

There are two situations where people may want to 'remove' a datafile from a

tablespace:

1. You have just mistakenly added a file to a tablespace, or perhaps you

made the file much larger than intended and now want to remove it.

2. You are involved in a recovery scenario and the database will not start

because a datafile is missing.

This article is meant to discuss situation 1 above. There are other

articles that discuss recovery scenarios where a database cannot be brought

online due to missing datafiles. Please see the 'Related Documents' section

at the bottom of this article.

Restrictions on Dropping Datafiles:

- Datafile Must be empty.

- Cannot be the first file in the tablespace. In such cases, drop the tablespace instead.

- Cannot be a datafile that is part of the system tablespace, even if it is not the first datafile of the system tablespace.

- Cannot be in a read-only tablespace.

- The datafile cannot be offline.

How to 'DROP' a Datafile from a Tablespace:

===========================================

Version 9.2 and earlier

Before we start with detailed explanations of the process involved, please note

that Oracle does not provide an interface for dropping datafiles in the same

way that you could drop a schema object such as a table, a view, a user, etc.

Once you make a datafile part of a tablespace, the datafile CANNOT be removed,

although we can use some workarounds.

Before performing certain operations such as taking tablespaces/datafiles

offline, and trying to drop them, ensure you have a full backup.

If the datafile you wish to remove is the only datafile in that tablespace,

simply drop the entire tablespace using:

DROP TABLESPACE INCLUDING CONTENTS;

You can confirm how many datafiles make up a tablespace by running the

following query:

select file_name, tablespace_name

from dba_data_files

where tablespace_name ='';

The DROP TABLESPACE command removes the tablespace, the datafile, and the

tablespace's contents from the data dictionary. Oracle will no longer have

access to ANY object that was contained in this tablespace. The physical

datafile must then be removed using an operating system command (Oracle NEVER

physically removes any datafiles). Depending on which platform you try this

on, you may not be able to physically delete the datafile until Oracle is

completely shut down. (For example, on Windows NT, you may have to shutdown

Oracle AND stop the associated service before the operating system will allow

you to delete the file - in some cases, file locks are still held by Oracle.)

If you have more than one datafile in the tablespace, and you do NOT need the

information contained in that tablespace, or if you can easily recreate the

information in this tablespace, then use the same command as above:

DROP TABLESPACE INCLUDING CONTENTS;

Again, this will remove the tablespace, the datafiles, and the tablespace's

contents from the data dictionary. Oracle will no longer have access to ANY

object that was contained in this tablespace. You can then use CREATE

TABLESPACE and re-import the appropriate objects back into the tablespace.

If you have more than one datafile in the tablespace and you wish to keep the

objects that reside in the other datafile(s) which are part of this tablespace,

then you must export all the objects inside the affected tablespace. Gather

information on the current datafiles within the tablespace by running this

query:

select file_name, tablespace_name

from dba_data_files

where tablespace_name ='';

Make sure you specify the tablespace name in capital letters.

In order to allow you to identify which objects are inside the affected

tablespace for the purposes of running your export, use the following query:

select owner,segment_name,segment_type

from dba_segments

where tablespace_name=''

Now, export all the objects that you wish to keep.

Once the export is done, issue the DROP TABLESPACE tablespace INCLUDING

CONTENTS.

Note that this PERMANENTLY removes all objects in this tablespace. Delete the

datafiles belonging to this tablespace using the operating system. (See the

comment above about possible problems in doing this.) Recreate the tablespace

with the datafile(s) desired, then import the objects into that tablespace.

(This may have to be done at the table level, depending on how the tablespace

was organized.)

NOTE:

The ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE OFFLINE DROP command, is not meant

to allow you to remove a datafile. What the command really means is that you

are offlining the datafile with the intention of dropping the tablespace.

If you are running in archivelog mode, you can also use:

ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE OFFLINE;

instead of OFFLINE DROP. Once the datafile is offline, Oracle no longer

attempts to access it, but it is still considered part of that tablespace. This

datafile is marked only as offline in the controlfile and there is no SCN

comparison done between the controlfile and the datafile during startup (This

also allows you to startup a database with a non-critical datafile missing).

The entry for that datafile is not deleted from the controlfile to give us the

opportunity to recover that datafile.

New functionality was added with the release of version 10.1 and higher

You can now specify drop tablespace inlcluding contents AND DATAFILES

Refer to Oracle? Database Administrator's Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part Number B10739-01

Chapter 8 managing tablespaces for more detailed explination

Starting with version 10.2 and higher

You can now alter tablespace drop datafile (except first datafile

of a tablespace)

Refer to the following Oracle Documentation for more details regarding this operation:

For Oracle 10g Release 2:

Oracle? Database Administrator's Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2)Part Number B14231-02 Chapter 9: Dropping Datafiles.

For Oracle 11g:

Oracle? Database Administrator's Guide 11g Release 1 (11.1) Part Number B28310-04 Chapter 12: Dropping Datafiles.

If you do not wish to follow any of these procedures, there are other things

that can be done besides dropping the tablespace.

- If the reason you wanted to drop the file is because you mistakenly created

the file of the wrong size, then consider using the RESIZE command.

See 'Related Documents' below.

- If you really added the datafile by mistake, and Oracle has not yet allocated

any space within this datafile, then you can use ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE

RESIZE; command to make the file smaller than 5 Oracle blocks. If

the datafile is resized to smaller than 5 oracle blocks, then it will never

be considered for extent allocation. At some later date, the tablespace can

be rebuilt to exclude the incorrect datafile.

RELATED DOCUMENTS

----------------- Note 30910.1 - Recreating database objects Note 1013221.6 - Recovering from a lost datafile in a ROLLBACK tablespace Note 198640.1 - How to Recover from a Lost Datafile with Different Scenarios Note 1060605.6 - Recover A Lost Datafile With No Backup Note 1029252.6 - How to resize a datafile

HOW TO RECOVER OFFLINE DROPPED DATAFILE IN ARCHIVELOG MODE (文档 ID 286355.1)

The information in this document applies to:

Symptoms

You have offline dropped a datafile in archivelog mode

You know that once you drop a datafile you need to recreate the tablespace containing that datafile

You can not do that as this is a Big tablespace

You want that datafile to be again part of the database

even though you do not want that datafile to contain any objects

Changes

You can recover the offline datafile and then make it online

further as you do not want any objects to be allocated to that datafile

you can resize it to a very small size ( remember it can only be done if the datafile is empty .........

you can not resize a datafile below it's high water mark)

Example

==========

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /h01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/arch

Oldest online log sequence 207

Next log sequence to archive 209

Current log sequence 209

=======================

shows DB is in archivelog mode

=======================

SQL> alter database datafile 44 offline drop;

Database altered.

SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile where file#=44;

FILE# STATUS

---------- -------

44 RECOVER ======> status in controlfile is recover

SQL> c/datafile/datafile_header

1* select file#,status from v$datafile_header where file#=44

SQL> /

FILE# STATUS

---------- -------

44 OFFLINE ========> status in file_header is offline

switch some log file

sql> alter system switch logfile ;

system altered

.

.

.

apply the log ( it will only ask for the log/ corresponding archivelog which was

online at that time

It wont ask you to apply any other archivelog

SQL> recover datafile 44;

ORA-00279: change 8252199007514 generated at 10/18/2004 14:21:47 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /h01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/arch1_216.dbf

ORA-00280: change 8252199007514 for thread 1 is in sequence #216

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

Log applied.

Media recovery complete.

SQL> select * from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ----------- ------------- ---------

1 1 248 104857600 1 YES INACTIVE 8.2522E+12 18-OCT-04

2 1 250 104857600 1 NO CURRENT 8.2522E+12 18-OCT-04

3 1 249 104857600 1 YES ACTIVE 8.2522E+12 18-OCT-04

SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile where file#=44;

FILE# STATUS

---------- -------

44 OFFLINE

SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile_header where file#=44;

FILE# STATUS

---------- -------

44 OFFLINE

SQL> alter database datafile 44 online;

Database altered.

SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile_header where file#=44;

FILE# STATUS

---------- -------

44 ONLINE

SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile where file#=44;

FILE# STATUS

---------- -------

44 ONLINE

SO the datafile is online

The only case in which the offline dropped datafile can not be online is

when you have added to many datafiles in the database after offline drop

Cause

From Documentation

====================

If the database is in NOARCHIVELOG mode, you must specify the DROP clause to take a datafile

offline. However, the DROP clause does not remove the datafile from the database.

To do that, you must drop the tablespace in which the datafile resides. Until you

do so, the datafile remains in the data dictionary with the status RECOVER or OFFLINE.

If the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode, Oracle ignores the DROP keyword.