一、geopy 简介及安装

可以使用geopy库来查询地址，国家，城市，地标，geopy使用的是第三方的geo解析器(包括谷歌地图，必应地图，Nominatim等)和一些数据源来获取地理信息。

安装 geopy：

pip3 install geopy

二、geopy 使用

1、从地址字符串获取 Location 对象

也就是将字符串转换为地理位置。

# coding=utf-8
from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim

geolocator = Nominatim()
location = geolocator.geocode('故宫')
print(location.address)
# 故宫, 故宫东门外, 崇文, 北京市, 东城区, 北京市, 100010, 中国

print(location.latitude, location.longitude)  # 输出故宫的纬度、经度
# 39.91727565 116.390769405773

# 输出 Location 的所有信息
print(location.raw)
# {
#     'place_id': 259835570, 'licence': 'Data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. https://osm.org/copyright', 
#      'osm_type': 'relation', 'osm_id': 9511883, 'boundingbox': ['39.9116214', 
#                                                                 '39.9211913', 
#                                                                 '116.386202', 
#                                                                 '116.3953903'], 
#      'lat': '39.91727565', 
#      'lon': '116.390769405773', 
#      'display_name': '故宫, 故宫东门外, 崇文, 北京市, 东城区, 北京市, 100010, 中国', 
#      'class': 'tourism', 'type': 'attraction', 'importance': 0.545487227980481, 
#      'icon': 'https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/images/mapicons/poi_point_of_interest.p.20.png'
#  }

2、从经纬度获取 Location 对象

也就是将经纬度转换为地理位置。

# coding=utf-8
from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim


# 将经纬度转换为地理位置
gelocator = Nominatim()
location = gelocator.reverse("39.9073285, 116.391242416486")
print(location.address)
# # 天安门, 1, 西长安街, 崇文, 北京市, 东城区, 北京市, 100010, 中国
#
print(location.raw)
#
# {
#   'place_id': 242516302,
#   'licence': 'Data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. https://osm.org/copyright',
#   'osm_type': 'relation',
#   'osm_id': 8847697,
#   'lat': '39.907359',
#   'lon': '116.391263017795',
#   'display_name': '天安门, 1, 西长安街, 崇文, 北京市, 东城区, 北京市, 100010, 中国',
#   'address': {
#     'address29': '天安门',
#     'house_number': '1',
#     'road': '西长安街',
#     'suburb': '崇文',
#     'city': '东城区',
#     'state': '北京市',
#     'postcode': '100010',
#     'country': '中国',
#     'country_code': 'cn'
#   },
#   'boundingbox': [
#     '39.9071482',
#     '39.9075289',
#     '116.3905678',
#     '116.3919619'
#   ]
# }

3、计算两点距离

单位可以为

• meters 米(简写m)
• kilometers 千米(简写km)
• miles 英里(简写mi)
• nautical 海里(简写nm)
• feet 英尺(简写ft)

计算经纬度距离 Vincenty distance

from geopy.distance import vincenty


tiananmen = (39.9073285, 116.391242416486)
xiaozhai = (34.2253171, 108.9426205)
print(vincenty(tiananmen, xiaozhai).meters)
# 913925.3164971863

计算球面距离 great-circle distance

## 计算球面距离
from geopy.distance import great_circle


tiananmen = (39.9073285, 116.391242416486)
xiaozhai = (34.2253171, 108.9426205)
print(great_circle(tiananmen, xiaozhai).meters)
# 913657.4596518736

geopy 的官网地址为：https://geopy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

安装 geopy 和 geopandas

  安装 geopy 和 geopandas

pip install geopy

#安装 geopandas不能使用pip，会报错，在Anaconda下使用下conda
conda install -c conda-forge geopandas

根据城市名或者经纬度相互转换

import geopy
from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim
import geopandas

locator = Nominatim(user_agent = "myGeocoder")
location = locator.geocode("Champ de Mars, Paris, France")
print(location.address) 
# Champ de Mars, Place Edwige Feuillère, Quartier du Gros-Caillou, Paris, Île-de-France, France métropolitaine, 75007, France

from functools import partial
geolocator = Nominatim(user_agent = "myGeocoder")
geocode = partial(geolocator.geocode, language='en')
print(geocode('wuhan',language="en"))
reverse = partial(geolocator.reverse, language='en')
print(reverse("41.15166616,28.70958502"))
print(reverse("52.509669, 13.376294"))

#Wuhan, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
#Hacımaşlı Mahallesi, Arnavutköy, Istanbul, Marmara Region, 34277, Turkey
#Potsdamer Platz, Bellevuestraße, Botschaftsviertel, Tiergarten, Mitte, Berlin, 10785, Germany

官方例子-链接
  根据地点获取经纬度

>>> from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim
>>> geolocator = Nominatim(user_agent="specify_your_app_name_here")
>>> location = geolocator.geocode("175 5th Avenue NYC")
>>> print(location.address)
Flatiron Building, 175, 5th Avenue, Flatiron, New York, NYC, New York, ...
>>> print((location.latitude, location.longitude))
(40.7410861, -73.9896297241625)
>>> print(location.raw)
{'place_id': '9167009604', 'type': 'attraction', ...}

  根据经纬度获取地点

>>> from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim
>>> geolocator = Nominatim(user_agent="specify_your_app_name_here")
>>> location = geolocator.reverse("52.509669, 13.376294")
>>> print(location.address)
Potsdamer Platz, Mitte, Berlin, 10117, Deutschland, European Union
>>> print((location.latitude, location.longitude))
(52.5094982, 13.3765983)
>>> print(location.raw)
{'place_id': '654513', 'osm_type': 'node', ...}

  这里可对输出的地点进行字符串切割，单独获取城市名或州名

location = geolocator.reverse("-37.68022156,144.84001")
print(location.address.split(",")[-3])
# Operations Road, Melbourne Airport, City of Hume, Victoria, 3045, Australia
# Victoria  切割后的字符串

测试两坐标之间的距离

>>> from geopy.distance import geodesic
>>> newport_ri = (41.49008, -71.312796)
>>> cleveland_oh = (41.499498, -81.695391)
>>> print(geodesic(newport_ri, cleveland_oh).miles)
538.390445368

…

1. 参考链接

安装

pip install geopy

初试

geopy需要调用地理定位服务，本文使用百度地图开放平台

创建应用→IP地址查询获得本机IP→填入IP白名单中

填入AK（api_key）访问：

http://api.map.baidu.com/geocoding/v3/?address=您的AK&output=json&ak=您的ak&callback=showLocation

出现以下结果则成功：

showLocation&&showLocation({"status":0,"result":{"location":{"lng":116.40384710616807,"lat":39.91552563252131},"precise":0,"confidence":50,"comprehension":0,"level":"旅游景点"}})

运行代码

from geopy.geocoders import Baidu

geolocator = Baidu(api_key='您的AK')
location = geolocator.geocode('西北农林科技大学')
print(location.address)
print((location.latitude, location.longitude))
print(location.raw)

若报错，请参考geopy调用Baidu出现geopy.exc.GeocoderAuthenticationFailure: Authentication Failure修改源码

得到结果

教育
(34.291641819762745, 108.07934220117825)
{'location': {'lng': 108.07934220117825, 'lat': 34.291641819762745}, 'precise': 0, 'confidence': 70, 'comprehension': 0, 'level': '教育'}

地理编码

修改源码

api_path = '/geocoding/v3'

from geopy.geocoders import Baidu

geolocator = Baidu(api_key='您的AK')
location = geolocator.geocode('西北农林科技大学')
print(location.address)
print((location.latitude, location.longitude))
print(location.raw)
# 教育
# (34.291641819762745, 108.07934220117825)
# {'location': {'lng': 108.07934220117825, 'lat': 34.291641819762745}, 'precise': 0, 'confidence': 70, 'comprehension': 0, 'level': '教育'}

逆地理编码

修改源码

api_path = '/reverse_geocoding/v3'

from geopy.geocoders import Baidu

geolocator = Baidu(api_key='您的AK')
location = geolocator.reverse((34.291641, 108.079342))
print(str(location.address, encoding="utf-8"))
print((location.latitude, location.longitude))
print(location.raw)
# 陕西省咸阳市杨陵区
# (34.29164102762759, 108.07934199999994)
# {'location': {'lng': 108.07934199999994, 'lat': 34.29164102762759}, 'formatted_address': '陕西省咸阳市杨陵区', 'business': '西农路,杨陵区中心城区', 'addressComponent': {'country': '中国', 'country_code': 0, 'country_code_iso': 'CHN', 'country_code_iso2': 'CN', 'province': '陕西省', 'city': '咸阳市', 'city_level': 2, 'district': '杨陵区', 'town': '', 'town_code': '', 'adcode': '610403', 'street': '', 'street_number': '', 'direction': '', 'distance': ''}, 'pois': [], 'roads': [], 'poiRegions': [], 'sematic_description': '', 'cityCode': 323}

计算距离

使用国际大地测量学和地球物理学联合会定义的平均地球半径$(2a+b)/3=6371.0087714150598$公里，测地距离是地球椭球面模型表面上最短的距离，默认算法使用的方法是Karney (2013) (geodesic)

from geopy.distance import geodesic

guangzhou = (23.135336306695006, 113.27143134445974)
beijing = (39.910924547299565, 116.4133836971231)
distance = geodesic(guangzhou, beijing)
print(distance)
# 1883.5361817595797 km

参考文献

1. GeoPy英文文档
2. Geopy中文文档
3. geopy调用Baidu出现geopy.exc.GeocoderAuthenticationFailure: Authentication Failure
4. web服务API | 百度地图API SDK