Docker 实战 - 局域网络搭建

1、docker network 命令

PS C:\Users\xiaozy> docker network --help

Usage:  docker network COMMAND

Manage networks

Commands:
  connect     Connect a container to a network
  create      Create a network
  disconnect  Disconnect a container from a network
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more networks # 显示局域网详细信息
  ls          List networks                                        # 罗列所有局域网
  prune       Remove all unused networks
  rm          Remove one or more networks

2、创建局域网

创建局域网：

PS C:\Users\xiaozy37528> docker network create myNetwork
f26e19d32597aec0a762c2e7081f86de930aa885b90c983a78730af2a6a018e6

罗列所有局域网：

PS C:\Users\xiaozy37528> docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME              DRIVER    SCOPE
cb5ee1a12afa   bridge            bridge    local
9b5cbe43e4fb   example_default   bridge    local
26e5ebb8f04c   host              host      local
f26e19d32597   myNetwork         bridge    local
ccc51ee1d166   none              null      local

查看局域网详细信息：

PS C:\Users\xiaozy37528> docker network inspect myNetwork
[
    {
        "Name": "myNetwork",
        "Id": "f26e19d32597aec0a762c2e7081f86de930aa885b90c983a78730af2a6a018e6",
        "Created": "2022-01-26T03:11:03.8063259Z",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.19.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "172.19.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {},
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

3、容器连接到局域网

将容器连接到局域网有两种方式：

1. 启动容器时加入

   docker run -itd --name myRedis --network myNetwork --network-alias redis -p 6379:6379 redis
   

2. 启动容器后加入

   docker network connect myNetwork redis
   

   PS C:\Users\xiaozy37528> docker container ls
   CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED      STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
   85f3be5e8ee0   nginx                "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 days ago   Up 33 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp           MyNginx
   c824254e2a94   nacos/nacos-server   "bin/docker-startup.…"   6 days ago   Up 2 hours      0.0.0.0:8848->8848/tcp, :::8848->8848/tcp   nacos
   PS C:\Users\xiaozy37528> docker network connect myNetwork MyNginx
   PS C:\Users\xiaozy37528> docker network connect myNetwork nacos
   PS C:\Users\xiaozy37528> docker network inspect myNetwork
   [
       {
           "Name": "myNetwork",
           "Id": "f26e19d32597aec0a762c2e7081f86de930aa885b90c983a78730af2a6a018e6",
           "Created": "2022-01-26T03:11:03.8063259Z",
           "Scope": "local",
           "Driver": "bridge",
           "EnableIPv6": false,
           "IPAM": {
               "Driver": "default",
               "Options": {},
               "Config": [
                   {
                       "Subnet": "172.19.0.0/16",
                       "Gateway": "172.19.0.1"
                   }
               ]
           },
           "Internal": false,
           "Attachable": false,
           "Ingress": false,
           "ConfigFrom": {
               "Network": ""
           },
           "ConfigOnly": false,
           "Containers": {
               "85f3be5e8ee00b51ce5cf1cf88e105cdffe2ea312bf8a9a30d0f3343a582c231": {
                   "Name": "MyNginx",
                   "EndpointID": "d9a7a59c21221a96b626435ac77facd382de425a51513ef61ca7d8b8aa7c6843",
                   "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:13:00:02",
                   "IPv4Address": "172.19.0.2/16",
                   "IPv6Address": ""
               },
               "c824254e2a94bd32a5c216a0978e4ef7959cce6331a9ac220d75debd4593666c": {
                   "Name": "nacos",
                   "EndpointID": "a2119d6c6742bd886ec19e910c207c20011e532d25f9f8afb0b2f59533fda13d",
                   "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:13:00:03",
                   "IPv4Address": "172.19.0.3/16",
                   "IPv6Address": ""
               }
           },
           "Options": {},
           "Labels": {}
       }
   ]
   

4、验证

Nacos 容器 ping Nginx 容器：

PS C:\Users\xiaozy37528> docker exec -it nacos /bin/bash
[root@c824254e2a94 nacos]# ping 172.19.0.2
PING 172.19.0.2 (172.19.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.142 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
clea64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.033 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.091 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.049 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=16 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=17 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
64 bytes from 172.19.0.2: icmp_seq=18 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
--- 172.19.0.2 ping statistics ---
18 packets transmitted, 18 received, 0% packet loss, time 17692ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.033/0.051/0.142/0.026 ms
[root@c824254e2a94 nacos]#

Nginx 容器 ping Nacos 容器：

局域网的网络地址192.168.1.0/24，局域网络连接其它网络的网关地址是192.168.1.1。主机192.168.1.20访问172.16.1.0/24网络时，其路由设置正确的是 。
A route add –net 192.168.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1
B route add –net 172.16.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 metric 1
C route add –net 172.16.1.0 gw 172.16.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1
D route add default 192.168.1.0 netmask 172.168.1.1 metric 1

(1)路由信息组成部分：1.目的主机的网络地址 2.下一跳的地址  3.子网掩码

(2)-net 后面跟的是目标网络，gw就是gateway（网关入口）就是你从哪个网关去到那个目标网络。

局域网的网络地址192.168.1.0/24,局域网络连接其他网络的网关地址是192.168.1.1.主机192.168.1.20访问172.16.1.0/24网络时,其路由设置正确的是

A: route add default 192.168.1.0 netmask 172.16.1.1 metric 1

B: route add -net 172.16.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1

C: route add -net 192.168.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1

D: route add -net 172.16.1.0 gw 172.16.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1

正确答案: B

解析: 

(1)路由信息组成部分:1.目的主机的网络地址 2.下一个跳转的地址 3.子网掩码

(2)-net后面跟的是目标网络, gw就是gateway(网关入口), 表示从哪个网关到哪个目标网络.

所以, 如题, 因为主机要访问172.16.1.0/24网络, 那么目标网络就是172.16.1.0/24,
因此-net后面跟的就是172.16.1.0/24.排除AC选项.

因为gw表示网关入口, 那么gw后面跟的就是网关地址, 即192.168.1.1. 因此选B