一. 简介
 
          下载路径：https://dev.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
 
           系统环境： centOS 7,  mysql 5.7.18
 
二. 安装步骤
 
2.1 卸载旧的mysql
 
2.1.1 删除mysql的安装文件
 
         查询mysql的安装文件：  
 
[root@ali228 ~]# find / -name mysql
/usr/local/env/mysql
/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql
/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql/bin/mysql
/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql/include/mysql
/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql/data/mysql
[root@ali228 ~]#
 
         卸载：
 
[root@ali228 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/env/mysql/mysql
[root@ali228 ~]#
 
2.1.2 删除mysql的配置文件
 
         删除/etc/my.cnf文件
 
[root@ali228 ~]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
 
         删除/etc/init.d/下跟mysql有关的全部文件，一般包括mysql文件或mysqld文件。
 
[root@ali228 mysql]# rm -rf /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@ali228 mysql]# rm -rf /etc/init.d/mysqlId
 
2.1.3 删除mysql用户和用户组
 
[root@ali228 ~]# userdel mysql
userdel: user 'mysql' does not exist
 
至此，卸载OK！
 
2.2 安装MySQL
 
2.2.1 下载安装包mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
 
         安装包路径： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
 
         上传mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz到/usr/local/env/mysql目录下并解压
 
[root@ali228 ~]# cd /usr/local/env/mysql/
[root@ali228 mysql]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
 
           重命名为mysql
 
 
2.2.2 添加用户组mysql和用户mysql,并将其添加到mysql用户组中
 
[root@ali228 mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@ali228 mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
 
 注：  useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统。
 
           useradd -g参数表示把mysql用户添加到mysql用户组中。
 
2.2.3 检查是否安装了 libaio
 
[root@baidu64 ~]# rpm -qa | grep libaio
 
如果没有安装，使用如下命令安装
 
[root@baidu64 ~]# yum search libaio
 
 2.2.4 配置my.cnf文件
 
[root@baidu64 ~]# touch /etc/my.cnf
 
注意： 使用默认的644权限和用户，不要做修改；
 
将如下内容拷贝到里面：
 
[mysql]  

# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集  

default-character-set=utf8   

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]  

#skip-name-resolve  

#设置3306端口  

port=3306   

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
  

# 设置mysql的安装目录 

basedir=/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql  

# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录 

datadir=/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql/data  

# 允许最大连接数  

max_connections=200  

# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符雿 

character-set-server=utf8  

# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擿 

default-storage-engine=INNODB  

#lower_case_table_name=1  

max_allowed_packet=16M  

 
2.2.5 创建data文件夹
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql
[root@baidu64 mysql]# mkdir data
 
2.2.6 将mysql目录的所属用户和组改为mysql
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]#  chown -R mysql:mysql ./
 
2.2.7 初始化mysqld 生成初始化密码
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql/data
 
此时，控制台打印如下：
 
2018-10-24T04:25:13.673365Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-10-24T04:25:15.808961Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-10-24T04:25:16.105505Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-10-24T04:25:16.184776Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: cec94f21-d744-11e8-a0b5-fa163ed8e403.
2018-10-24T04:25:16.188372Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-10-24T04:25:16.189074Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: i;lknXwO;5,s
[root@baidu64 mysql]#
 
结尾： i;lknXwO;5,s 就是初始化的密码。
 
3 常规配置
 
3.1 设置开机启动
 
3.1.1 复制mysql.server脚本到资源目录，并赋予执行权限：
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@baidu64 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
 
3.1.2 将 mysqld 服务加入到系统服务并检测是否生效： 
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]#  chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@baidu64 mysql]#  chkconfig --list mysqld

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

 
得到如下结果说明生效。
 
注： 查看启动项：chkconfig --list | grep -i mysql        删除启动项：chkconfig --del mysql
 
启动mysqld:
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql/data/baidu64.err'.
                                                           [  OK  ]
 
 
 
3.2 配置环境变量
 
3.2.1 打开/etc/profile配置文件，添加如下内容：
 
#mysql环境变量
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql/bin
export PATH
 
3.2.2 执行命令，使其生效：
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# source /etc/profile
 
3.2.3 校验是否成功：
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/home/env/jdk/jdk8/jdk1.8.0_171/bin:/root/bin:/home/env/jdk/jdk8/jdk1.8.0_171/bin:/usr/local/env/mysql/mysql/bin
 
 
 
3.3  初次登录 修改访问密码
 
3.3.1 无密码登录
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
 
注意： 此时密码使用上面自动生成的初始化密码：  i;lknXwO;5,s 即可
 
3.3.2 修改登录密码：
 
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD('123456') where User='root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 1

mysql>
 
3.4 允许远程访问
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "password" with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>
 
3.5 使用navicate远程连接报错
 
如果使用navicate进行远程连接访问，报如下错误：
 
 
解决方法如下：
 
3.5.1 关闭mysql服务
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# service mysql stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop mysql.service
 
3.5.2 修改/etc/my.cnf修改为无密码登录
 
在my.cnf配置文件添加如下内容：
 
# mysql无密码登录
skip-grant-tables
 
3.5.3 重启mysql服务
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# service mysql restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysql.service
 
3.5.4 无密码登录mysql
 
注意: 此时登录不带p参数：
 
[root@baidu64 mysql]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
 
3.5.5 再次修改mysql密码：
 
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' ;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql>
 
3.5.6 然后将my.cnf无密码登录配置去掉（就是上面刚加的那句话）
 
3.5.7 退出mysql,并重启：
 
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@baidu64 mysql]# service mysql restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysql.service
[root@baidu64 mysql]#
 
3.5.8 再次使用navicat连接：
 
 
如此  OK！
 
 
 
 

MySQL使用源码编译安装比较繁琐，本文是利用阿里云网络yum源和本地yum源来安装MySQL
 
利用yum源来安装MySQL的一个弊端是不能控制MySQL的版本，MySQL的版本是根据对应yum源中提供的版本来进行安装的，不能安装自己想要的版本，利用源码编译安装是可以指定对应的MySQL版本来安装的，利用源码安装的链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u014642915/article/details/56484167
 
安装前提：安装好linux/centos等系统，并且能连上外网
 
网络yum安装MySQL步骤
 
1、挂载本地yum源
 
#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
 
2、编写网络yum源
 
#cd /etc/yum.repo.d
 
然后删除里面原有的repo结尾的文件（或者将其重命名或者移动到别的地方）
 
#vim aa.repo
 
[epel]
name=epel
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/

[centos]
name=centos base
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
 
3、清理yum
 
#yum clean all
 
4、安装MySQL
 
#yum -y install mysql-server
 
5、启动MySQL
 
#server mysqld start
 
本地yum源安装MySQL步骤
 
首先的在虚拟机里面连接好镜像，使其能够挂载
 
1、挂载本地yum源
 
#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
 
2、编写本地yum源
 
#cd /etc/yum.repo.d
 
然后删除里面原有的repo结尾的文件（或者将其重命名或者移动到别的地方）
 
#vim local.repo
 
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
 
#yum clean all
 
3、安装MySQL
 
#yum -y install mysql-server
 
4、启动MySQL
 
#server mysqld start

1. 安装apache
 
安装apache
 yum -y install httpd
 
安装apache扩展
 yum -y install httpd-manual mod_ssl mod_perl mod_auth_mysql
 
 
 
apache 常用指令
 
 
启动apache
 service httpd start
停止apache
 service httpd stop
重启apache
 service httpd restart
 
 
2. 安装php
 
安装php
 yum -y install php php-mysql
 
安装php扩展
 yum -y install php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-ldap php-pear php-xmlrpc
 
注意： 安装指定版本php请按照如下步骤
 不同的系统安装不同的PHP需要先更新包，下面三个地址根据情况去选择
 CentOS/RHEL 7.x:
 rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
 rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
 
CentOS/RHEL 6.x:
 rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
 
 
卸载php
 yum remove php
 yum remove php-*
 
 
安装php7
 yum install php70w php70w-opcache php70w-mysql php70w-mcrypt php70w-mbstring
 
 
安装其他插件（选装）
 php70w
 php70w-bcmath
 php70w-cli
 php70w-common
 php70w-dba
 php70w-devel
 php70w-embedded
 php70w-enchant
 php70w-fpm
 php70w-gd
 php70w-imap
 php70w-interbase
 php70w-intl
 php70w-ldap
 php70w-mbstring
 php70w-mcrypt
 php70w-mysql
 php70w-mysqlnd
 php70w-odbc
 php70w-opcache
 php70w-pdo
 php70w-pdo_dblib
 php70w-pear
 php70w-pecl-apcu
 php70w-pecl-imagick
 php70w-pecl-xdebug
 php70w-pgsql
 php70w-phpdbg
 php70w-process
 php70w-pspell
 php70w-recode
 php70w-snmp
 php70w-soap
 php70w-tidy
 php70w-xml
 php70w-xmlrpc
 
 
3. 安装mysql
 
安装mysql
 yum -y install mysql mysql-server
 
安装mysql扩展
 yum -y install mysql-connector-odbc mysql-devel libdbi-dbd-mysql
 
注意： 如果想要安装指定版本mysql请按照如下步骤
 
卸载以前安装的mysql
 yum remove mysql
查看mysql可用版本
 yum repolist enabled | grep “mysql.-community.”
安装指定版本mysql
 yum仓库下载MySQL
 sudo yum localinstall https://repo.mysql.com/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
 https://repo.mysql.com/ (这个域名下面有很多mysql版本可以选择)
yum安装MySQL：
 sudo yum install mysql-community-server
 
 
 
mysql 常用指令
 
 
检查mysql 服务状态
 sudo service mysqld status
启动mysql
 service mysqld start
重启mysql
 service mysqld restart
停机mysql服务
 service mysqld stop
 
 
报错解决方案：
 -  ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)
启动mysql ： service mysqld start

 - ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
登录mysql需要密码： mysql -uroot -proot

查看mysql初始密码步骤：
 - 1. more  /etc/my.cnf (查看log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log 的配置路径)
 - 2. more /var/log/mysqld.log |grep 'temporary password'
 - 2019-07-20T10:00:51.966304Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 3Dl#nl,/wa.y
 - 3Dl#nl,/wa.y   就是初始密码（特别注意：如果查看密码为空，需要先启动mysql才会生成哟）

 命令行连接mysql：  mysql -uroot -p3Dl#nl,/wa.y
 
重置mysql密码
 
 
use mysql
 update user set password = password(“root”) where user =
 “root”;
 flush privileges;
 
 
alter user ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password
 by ‘你的mysql密码’;
 
 
报错解决方案：

 - ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER
   statement before executing this statement.
 - ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

设置策略：set global validate_password.policy=0;
然后使用：alter user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password by '你的mysql密码';  修改密码
 
配置apache
 
cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
新建一个文件 vi test.conf
 
    <VirtualHost *:80>
        AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
        ServerAdmin wangchun159753@gmail.com
        DocumentRoot "/home/www/test"
        ServerName www.huaban1314.com
        php_admin_value open_basedir .:/home/www/:/home/data:/home/logs:/home/www/test/logs/*:/var/tmp:/tmp:
        
        ErrorLog logs/test_error_log
        TransferLog logs/test_access_log
    
        CustomLog logs/test \
              "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"
    
        <Directory "/home/www/test">
            AllowOverride None
            Options None
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
        </Directory>
    
    </VirtualHost>
 
重启apache
 service httpd restart

网络yum源的配置
 
原理：一个节点配置资源库，其他节点通过http服务访问该节点资源，其他节点无需安装资源库。
 Node01:资源库节点
 Node02:其他节点
 
1、 在Node01安装httpd软件，并启动
 安装httpd软件：yum install –y httpd
 启动httpd软件：/etc/init.d/httpd start
 查看httpd软件状态：/etc/init.d/httpd status
 
2、 到Node01节点的/var/www/html路径下，创建资源库路径的软连接
 ln -s /mnt/cdrom /var/www/html/cdrom
 通过浏览器查看：
 关闭防火墙：/etc/init.d/iptables stop（防火墙在重启系统时会启动）
 防火墙开机不自启命令：chkconfig iptables off
 防火墙开机自启命令：chkconfig iptables on
 
 
3、进入Node02节点的系统目录/etc/yum.repos.d中，创建文件夹old。将目录中的所有.repo文件移动到old中。
 
 

 拷贝CentOS-Media.repo 文件到/etc/yum.repos.d中
 
 

 修改CentOS-Media.repo
 
 
将 ：
 
[c6-media]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
 baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/
 file:///media/cdrom/
 file:///media/cdrecorder/
 gpgcheck=1
 enabled=0
 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
 
改为
 
 
保存退出
 
清空yum 缓存     					 yum clean all
查询mysql软件包是否能找到			  yum search mysql