Linux安装Python3第三方库numpy，scipy，matplotlib：

sudo apt install python3-pip
pip3 install numpy
pip3 install scipy
pip3 install matplotlib
报错，安装matplotlib库需要安装python3-tk库:
sudo apt-get install python3-tk
pip3 install matplotlib
报错，安装matplotlib库需要安装nose库:
pip3 install nose
安装图像处理库：
pip3 install pillow
通过 from PIL import Image 测试是否安装成功。
安装Python2第三方库numpy,scipy,matplotlib：
sudo pip install numpy
sudo pip install scipy
sudo pip install matplotlib
sudo pip install nose
测试：
python
from numpy import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

当我尝试：
$sudo pip install numpy
在我的Ubuntu 12.04服务器上,我得到：
------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/local/bin/pip run on Tue Dec 10 18:25:54 2013
Downloading/unpacking numpy
Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
URLs to search for versions for numpy:
* https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
Analyzing links from page https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.4/n/numpy/numpy-1.0.1.dev3460.win32-py2.4.exe#md5=a55b13b1f141de2aa965d5c5554c4ad8 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.3.0.win32-py2.5.exe#md5=28ee6681b04beb5bfc4bc056417ff087 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.1.win32-py2.5-nosse.exe#md5=bfcb66706ebdece6a9680f79f2b643ca (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.win32-py2.5.exe#md5=539782c7311d4a3379f66a964159ef11 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
[ ...SNIP...]
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=a6b66602e72436db37e6edbbce269fdf (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=b98cc04b20347127e297a99b6114b514 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=1b12834a53d3ba543d41399c40b5b791 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=651465cacf107d254ddcefcebb47064d (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.3/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.win32-py3.3.exe#md5=4f20740e7e9d31a9d4c1636a931bc3f9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.3/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.win32-py3.3.exe#md5=6519c7bb198d0caf2913469883a63be9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.3.0.tar.gz#md5=3f7773ff0971a5ebb8591536d8ec7bd6 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.3.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.4.1.tar.gz#md5=89b8a56e018b634f7d05c56f17bc4943 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.4.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.0.tar.gz#md5=3a8bfdc434df782d647161c48943ee09 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.5.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.1.tar.gz#md5=376ef150df41b5353944ab742145352d (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.5.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.tar.gz#md5=e0993c74cb8e83292e560eac1a9be8e9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.zip#md5=f0ce7ea1a12b3b3480571980af243e48 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.tar.gz#md5=2bce18c08fc4fce461656f0f4dd9103e (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.zip#md5=462c22b8eb221c78ddd51de98fbb5979 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.tar.gz#md5=95ed6c9dcc94af1fc1642ea2a33c1bba (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.2
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.zip#md5=7e13c931985f90efcfa0408f845d6fee (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.2
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.tar.gz#md5=4fa54e40b6a243416f0248123b6ec332 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.zip#md5=ca27913c59393940e880fab420f985b4 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.tar.gz#md5=0ab72b3b83528a7ae79c6df9042d61c6 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.zip#md5=9a72db3cad7a6286c0d22ee43ad9bc6c (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.1
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.tar.gz#md5=2a4b0423a758706d592abb6721ec8dcd (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.8.0
Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.zip#md5=6c918bb91c0cfa055b16b13850cfcd6e (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.8.0
Using version 1.8.0 (newest of versions: 1.8.0, 1.8.0, 1.7.1, 1.7.1, 1.7.0, 1.7.0, 1.6.2, 1.6.2, 1.6.1, 1.6.1, 1.6.0, 1.6.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.0, 1.4.1, 1.3.0)
Downloading from URL https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.tar.gz#md5=2a4b0423a758706d592abb6721ec8dcd (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/)
Running setup.py egg_info for package numpy
Running from numpy source directory.
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg'
F2PY Version 2
blas_opt_info:
blas_mkl_info:
libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
openblas_info:
libraries openblas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_info:
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1522: UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_info:
libraries blas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1531: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
the BLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1534: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
NOT AVAILABLE
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/lib': 'benchmarks'
lapack_opt_info:
lapack_mkl_info:
mkl_info:
libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_info:
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1428: UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
lapack_info:
libraries lapack not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1439: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
the LAPACK environment variable.
warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)
lapack_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1442: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
NOT AVAILABLE
/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
warnings.warn(msg)
running egg_info
running build_src
build_src
building py_modules sources
creating build
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy/distutils
building library "npymath" sources
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Could not locate executable gfortran
Could not locate executable f95
customize IntelFCompiler
Could not locate executable ifort
Could not locate executable ifc
customize LaheyFCompiler
Could not locate executable lf95
customize PGroupFCompiler
Could not locate executable pgfortran
customize AbsoftFCompiler
Could not locate executable f90
Could not locate executable f77
customize NAGFCompiler
customize VastFCompiler
customize CompaqFCompiler
Could not locate executable fort
customize IntelItaniumFCompiler
Could not locate executable efort
Could not locate executable efc
customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
customize GnuFCompiler
Could not locate executable g77
customize G95FCompiler
Could not locate executable g95
customize PathScaleFCompiler
Could not locate executable pathf95
don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'
C compiler: gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC
compile options: '-Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -Inumpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c'
gcc: _configtest.c
sh: 1: gcc: not found
sh: 1: gcc: not found
failure.
removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 16, in 
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 192, in 
setup_package()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 185, in setup_package
configuration=configuration )
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup
return old_setup(**new_attr)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/egg_info.py", line 10, in run
self.run_command("build_src")
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 153, in run
self.build_sources()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 164, in build_sources
self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 299, in build_library_sources
sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 386, in generate_sources
source = func(extension, build_dir)
File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 674, in get_mathlib_info
raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")
RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Running from numpy source directory.
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg'
F2PY Version 2
blas_opt_info:
blas_mkl_info:
libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
openblas_info:
libraries openblas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_blas_info:
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1522: UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_info:
libraries blas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1531: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
the BLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
blas_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1534: UserWarning:
Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
NOT AVAILABLE
/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found
non-existing path in 'numpy/lib': 'benchmarks'
lapack_opt_info:
lapack_mkl_info:
mkl_info:
libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info
NOT AVAILABLE
atlas_info:
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib
libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib
libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib
numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1428: UserWarning:
Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting
the ATLAS environment variable.
warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)
lapack_info:
libraries lapack not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1439: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
the LAPACK environment variable.
warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)
lapack_src_info:
NOT AVAILABLE
/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1442: UserWarning:
Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)
NOT AVAILABLE
/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
warnings.warn(msg)
running egg_info
running build_src
build_src
building py_modules sources
creating build
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy
creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy/distutils
building library "npymath" sources
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Could not locate executable gfortran
Could not locate executable f95
customize IntelFCompiler
Could not locate executable ifort
Could not locate executable ifc
customize LaheyFCompiler
Could not locate executable lf95
customize PGroupFCompiler
Could not locate executable pgfortran
customize AbsoftFCompiler
Could not locate executable f90
Could not locate executable f77
customize NAGFCompiler
customize VastFCompiler
customize CompaqFCompiler
Could not locate executable fort
customize IntelItaniumFCompiler
Could not locate executable efort
Could not locate executable efc
customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
customize GnuFCompiler
Could not locate executable g77
customize G95FCompiler
Could not locate executable g95
customize PathScaleFCompiler
Could not locate executable pathf95
don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'
C compiler: gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC
compile options: '-Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -Inumpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c'
gcc: _configtest.c
sh: 1: gcc: not found
sh: 1: gcc: not found
failure.
removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 16, in 
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 192, in 
setup_package()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 185, in setup_package
configuration=configuration )
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup
return old_setup(**new_attr)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/egg_info.py", line 10, in run
self.run_command("build_src")
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 153, in run
self.build_sources()
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 164, in build_sources
self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 299, in build_library_sources
sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 386, in generate_sources
source = func(extension, build_dir)
File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 674, in get_mathlib_info
raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")
RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Removing temporary dir /tmp/pip_build_root...
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 134, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 236, in run
requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1134, in prepare_files
req_to_install.run_egg_info()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 259, in run_egg_info
command_desc='python setup.py egg_info')
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/util.py", line 670, in call_subprocess
% (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy
我不知道我需要做些什么来解决这个问题.最终,我能够将所需的所有依赖项放在requirements.txt文件中,以便我可以在virtualenv中安装devendencies.考虑到这一点,我更倾向于使用pip而不是apt-get或从源安装的解决方案.

官网 http://scipy.org
 
简单来说这三个东西是处理大矩阵（数组），matlab画图相关的插件，运用于数据分析与处理。在linux下，通过pip安装过程如下：
 
1,更新pip
 
需要用最新版的pip来安装
 
 
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
 2,编写$PATH路径 
 
这些个库的地址，一般是安装在一个用户下面，不要用sudo，否则安装之后权限会很麻烦。
 
vim ~/.bashrc
 
在 PATH的哪里加上:/home/your_user/.local/bin
 
 
export PATH="$PATH:/home/your_user/.local/bin"
 3,安装库文件 
 
避免scipy安装失败，确保所需库文件
 
 
sudo apt-get install libblas-dev liblapack-dev libatlas-base-dev gfortran
 4,安装 
 
 
pip install --user numpy scipy matplotlib ipython jupyter pandas sympy nose
 
安装20多分钟吧
 
一片绿就是ok了，否则去查红色显示相应的问题
 

 
 
附上一个matplotlib的代码用于测试
 

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=8, cstride=8, alpha=0.3)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-100, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='x', offset=-40, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='y', offset=40, cmap=cm.coolwarm)

ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_xlim(-40, 40)
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_ylim(-40, 40)
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
ax.set_zlim(-100, 100)

plt.show()

 效果如下
 

 

 
PIP3 numpy 安装失败
 
运行 pip install numpy
在numpy官网查看 Installation Guide
再次报错


 硬件平台 bananapi zero ，系统 armbian
 
运行 pip install numpy
 
ERROR: Failed building wheel for numpy
Failed to build numpy
ERROR: Could not build wheels for numpy which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly
 
在numpy官网查看 Installation Guide
 
 
 
Installing via pip¶
 Python comes with an inbuilt package management system, pip. Pip can install, update, or delete any official package.
 You can install packages via the command line by entering:
 python -m pip install --user numpy scipy matplotlib ipython jupyter pandas sympy nose
 We recommend using an user install, sending the --user flag to pip. pip installs packages for the local user and does not write to the system directories. Preferably, do not use sudo pip, as this combination can cause problems.
 Pip accesses the Python Package Index, PyPI , which stores almost 200,000 projects and all previous releases of said projects. Because the repository keeps previous versions, you can pin to a version and not worry about updates causing conflicts. Pip can also install packages in local virtualenv, or virtual environment.
 
 
再次报错
 
    RuntimeError: Running cythonize failed!
 
尝试 pip install Cython
 
-[  514.005555] 8<--- cut here ---
[  514.008894] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000
[  514.017123] pgd = d776906a
[  514.019851] [00000000] *pgd=00000000
[  514.023514] Internal error: Oops: 5 [#1] SMP THUMB2
[  514.028410] Modules linked in: snd_soc_hdmi_codec evdev zram hci_uart brcmfmac btrtl btbcm brcmutil bluetooth sun4i_gpadc_iio cfg80211 ecdh_generic industrialio ecc dw_hdmi_i2s_audio dw_hdmi_cec lima sun8i_thermal gpu_sched rfkill sun8i_ce crypto_engine sunxi_cedrus(C) sun8i_di gpio_keys display_connector uio_pdrv_genirq cpufreq_dt uio sch_fq_codel usb_f_acm u_serial g_serial libcomposite ip_tables x_tables autofs4 pwrseq_simple sunxi phy_generic
[  514.068042] CPU: 1 PID: 106 Comm: kswapd0 Tainted: G         C        5.8.16-sunxi #20.08.14
[  514.076497] Hardware name: Allwinner sun8i Family
[  514.081220] PC is at obj_malloc+0x28/0xf0
[  514.085236] LR is at zs_malloc+0x149/0x364
[  514.089335] pc : [<c0262500>]    lr : [<c0262c4d>]    psr: 20030033
[  514.095603] sp : d6811b08  ip : d710de30  fp : d710de29
[  514.100828] r10: 00088000  r9 : 12980000  r8 : d5979380
[  514.106053] r7 : d02baf40  r6 : 00012980  r5 : 00000000  r4 : 00000000
[  514.112580] r3 : 00000004  r2 : 00000000  r1 : d02baf40  r0 : d5979380
[  514.119111] Flags: nzCv  IRQs on  FIQs on  Mode SVC_32  ISA Thumb  Segment none
[  514.126426] Control: 50c5387d  Table: 5575006a  DAC: 00000051
[  514.132180] Process kswapd0 (pid: 106, stack limit = 0x185484aa)
[  514.138190] Stack: (0xd6811b08 to 0xd6812000)
[  514.142556] 1b00:                   00000001 d5979380 d710de28 d6b3a000 0000280a 00002800
[  514.150740] 1b20: d710de28 d02baf40 bf8bb440 c0262c4d d69f4000 00000001 0282c0a1 d6811b80
[  514.158925] 1b40: 00002000 c04efee1 d69f4000 c0f04fc8 00000223 d4a8b200 00000000 d6810000
[  514.167109] 1b60: d7be6d1c 00000000 ff7c7b94 c100247c bf8bb440 bf8b8cd3 00000592 00000001
[  514.175294] 1b80: 00000223 c0f04fc8 0000d0f9 00002c90 00000000 d4a8b200 c9a35f80 00000001
[  514.183478] 1ba0: d7be6d1c 00000000 0000d0f9 bf8b922d 00000000 c029f57b d7be6d1c 00001000
[  514.191663] 1bc0: 00000000 c0f04fc8 00000000 00000000 c9a35f80 00002c90 00000000 d7be6d1c
[  514.199847] 1be0: bf8ba064 00000001 d6811d80 c029f5a9 d7be6d1c 00000001 00000592 d7be6d1c
[  514.208031] 1c00: c9a35f80 d6811cf0 c024745d 00000592 00000000 c02477c7 d7be6d1c d6811cf0
[  514.216216] 1c20: d6811c6c c024d489 d6811d80 c057eaef 00001000 00000000 00000592 c0f04fc8
[  514.224401] 1c40: d7be6d1c d7be6d1c c0f28fe4 d7be6d1c 00000000 c0f055f4 d4ecf540 00000592
[  514.232586] 1c60: d6811d80 c024d489 d7be6d1c d6811cf0 d6811cf0 c0f04fc8 00000592 d7be6d1c
[  514.240770] 1c80: 00000000 d6811cf0 d01f4a80 00000592 00000000 c021c6d5 c021c43d d7be6d20
[  514.248954] 1ca0: d7be6d1c a2084000 d6811f08 d01f4a80 d6811d88 c02172b7 00000001 00000000
[  514.257138] 1cc0: ffffe000 00000000 00000001 00000000 c0fd71c0 c0e961cc 00000380 00000001
[  514.265321] 1ce0: d6811ce0 d6811ce0 d7be6cfc d7be6cfc 00000020 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.273504] 1d00: ffffffff 7fffffff 00000000 00000008 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.281689] 1d20: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 c0f04fc8 d6811d34 d6811f08
[  514.289874] 1d40: c0e96180 d7006e00 c0fd71c0 00000020 00000000 00000007 c0fd7cc0 c0218217
[  514.298058] 1d60: d6811d88 00000000 d6811f08 00000003 fffffffe 00000068 00000020 00000020
[  514.306242] 1d80: d7be729c d7be6d44 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
[  514.314437] 1da0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 c0f04fc8 d735f2c0 d6811f08
[  514.322623] 1dc0: d7006e00 0000081a 00000000 00000143 51eb851f 00000000 d6811e18 c0218983
[  514.330806] 1de0: 00000001 ffffffff 000001c0 00000000 00000000 0000081a 000001bf 00000000
[  514.338991] 1e00: d6811e00 d6811e00 d6811e08 d6811e08 00000000 0000013f 000003b2 000000cb
[  514.347175] 1e20: 00000167 00000020 0000023f 00000492 000001ab 00000247 00000020 c0f04fc8
[  514.355361] 1e40: 00000000 d6811f08 d7025800 00000000 c0f05604 00000000 00000000 000002b4
[  514.363547] 1e60: c0fd71c0 c0218c7d 00000020 c0fd71c0 d7006e00 00000000 000002b4 00000000
[  514.371731] 1e80: c0f04ac0 c0f15808 c0fd7cc0 d6811f30 d6811f4c c0f04a80 c0f04fc8 00000001
[  514.379916] 1ea0: c0fd71c0 00000000 00000000 00000001 000002b4 00000002 c0f05604 c021967d
[  514.388100] 1ec0: 00000001 d6810000 c1028c40 00000001 c0fd7cc4 00000002 c1035d74 c102cca4
[  514.396285] 1ee0: 00000000 d6811ec0 c0151889 ffffe000 c0f04fec c0e96208 c0e96204 d735f2c0
[  514.404469] 1f00: d735f2c0 00000000 0000081a 00000000 00000000 00001194 00000000 04000073
[  514.412652] 1f20: 00000002 00000cc0 000001c2 000002b4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.420836] 1f40: 00000000 000000e0 000001c0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 c0f04fc8
[  514.429024] 1f60: c0fd71c0 d72cd600 d5732680 00000000 d6810000 c021931d c0fd71c0 d70dfe74
[  514.437208] 1f80: d72cd624 c0135b07 00000007 d5732680 c0135a1d 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.445392] 1fa0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 c0100159 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.453576] 1fc0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.461762] 1fe0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000013 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.469963] [<c0262500>] (obj_malloc) from [<c0262c4d>] (zs_malloc+0x149/0x364)
[  514.477305] [<c0262c4d>] (zs_malloc) from [<bf8b8cd3>] (zram_bvec_rw.constprop.0+0x35b/0x52c [zram])
[  514.486481] [<bf8b8cd3>] (zram_bvec_rw.constprop.0 [zram]) from [<bf8b922d>] (zram_rw_page+0xa1/0x120 [zram])
[  514.496423] [<bf8b922d>] (zram_rw_page [zram]) from [<c029f5a9>] (bdev_write_page+0x71/0x9c)
[  514.504926] [<c029f5a9>] (bdev_write_page) from [<c02477c7>] (__swap_writepage+0x47/0x280)
[  514.513237] [<c02477c7>] (__swap_writepage) from [<c021c6d5>] (shmem_writepage+0x299/0x388)
[  514.521610] [<c021c6d5>] (shmem_writepage) from [<c02172b7>] (shrink_page_list+0x6e3/0xa74)
[  514.529975] [<c02172b7>] (shrink_page_list) from [<c0218217>] (shrink_inactive_list+0x15b/0x300)
[  514.538771] [<c0218217>] (shrink_inactive_list) from [<c0218983>] (shrink_lruvec+0x27b/0x444)
[  514.547307] [<c0218983>] (shrink_lruvec) from [<c0218c7d>] (shrink_node+0x131/0x4f0)
[  514.555061] [<c0218c7d>] (shrink_node) from [<c021967d>] (kswapd+0x361/0x67c)
[  514.562212] [<c021967d>] (kswapd) from [<c0135b07>] (kthread+0xeb/0x10c)
[  514.568929] [<c0135b07>] (kthread) from [<c0100159>] (ret_from_fork+0x11/0x38)
[  514.576155] Exception stack(0xd6811fb0 to 0xd6811ff8)
[  514.581214] 1fa0:                                     00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.589398] 1fc0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
[  514.597580] 1fe0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000013 00000000
[  514.604205] Code: 3629 2e00 dd08 2300 (6825) 3301
[  514.609120] ---[ end trace d3569d942108df6a ]---

 
头疼，换回ubuntu了