linuxdeployqt
 
简介
 
基于Windows-Qt 发布的打包工具windeployqt，主要打包Qt相关依赖库，但是在linux，qt官方并未发布对应的打包版本。在github中，有人开源了这个版本linuxdeployqt，之前一直知道但是没怎么用，最近因为要打包对应工程，又拿出研究了一下。
 
Windows介绍
 
The Windows deployment tool windeployqt is designed to automate the process of creating a deployable folder containing the Qt-related dependencies (libraries, QML imports, plugins, and translations) required to run the application from that folder. It creates a sandbox for Universal Windows Platform (UWP) or an installation tree for Windows desktop applications, which can be easily bundled into an installation package.
 
看一下Windows命令。
 
Qt Deploy Tool 6.0.3

The simplest way to use windeployqt is to add the bin directory of your Qt
installation (e.g. <QT_DIR\bin>) to the PATH variable and then run:
  windeployqt <path-to-app-binary>
If ICU, etc. are not in the bin directory, they need to be in the PATH
variable. If your application uses Qt Quick, run:
  windeployqt --qmldir <path-to-app-qml-files> <path-to-app-binary>

Options:
  -?, -h, --help              Displays help on commandline options.
  --help-all                  Displays help including Qt specific options.
  -v, --version               Displays version information.
  --dir <directory>           Use directory instead of binary directory.
  --qmake <path>              Use specified qmake instead of qmake from PATH.
  --libdir <path>             Copy libraries to path.
  --plugindir <path>          Copy plugins to path.
  --debug                     Assume debug binaries.
  --release                   Assume release binaries.
  --pdb                       Deploy .pdb files (MSVC).
  --force                     Force updating files.
  --dry-run                   Simulation mode. Behave normally, but do not
                              copy/update any files.
  --no-patchqt                Do not patch the Qt6Core library.
  --ignore-library-errors     Ignore errors when libraries cannot be found.
  --no-plugins                Skip plugin deployment.
  --no-libraries              Skip library deployment.
  --qmldir <directory>        Scan for QML-imports starting from directory.
  --qmlimport <directory>     Add the given path to the QML module search
                              locations.
  --no-quick-import           Skip deployment of Qt Quick imports.
  --translations <languages>  A comma-separated list of languages to deploy
                              (de,fi).
  --no-translations           Skip deployment of translations.
  --no-system-d3d-compiler    Skip deployment of the system D3D compiler.
  --compiler-runtime          Deploy compiler runtime (Desktop only).
  --no-virtualkeyboard        Disable deployment of the Virtual Keyboard.
  --no-compiler-runtime       Do not deploy compiler runtime (Desktop only).
  --json                      Print to stdout in JSON format.
  --no-opengl-sw              Do not deploy the software rasterizer library.
  --list <option>             Print only the names of the files copied.
                              Available options:
                               source:   absolute path of the source files
                               target:   absolute path of the target files
                               relative: paths of the target files, relative
                                         to the target directory
                               mapping:  outputs the source and the relative
                                         target, suitable for use within an
                                         Appx mapping file
  --verbose <level>           Verbose level (0-2).

Qt libraries can be added by passing their name (-xml) or removed by passing
the name prepended by --no- (--no-xml). Available libraries:
bluetooth concurrent core declarative designer designercomponents gamepad gui
qthelp multimedia multimediawidgets multimediaquick network nfc opengl
openglwidgets positioning printsupport qml qmltooling quick quickparticles
quickwidgets script scripttools sensors serialport sql svg svgwidgets test
websockets widgets winextras xml webenginecore webengine webenginewidgets 3dcore
3drenderer 3dquick 3dquickrenderer 3dinput 3danimation 3dextras geoservices
webchannel texttospeech serialbus webview

Arguments:
  [files]                     Binaries or directory containing the binary.
 
linux介绍
 
This Linux Deployment Tool, linuxdeployqt, takes an application as input and makes it self-contained by copying in the resources that the application uses (like libraries, graphics, and plugins) into a bundle. The resulting bundle can be distributed as an AppDir or as an AppImage to users, or can be put into cross-distribution packages. It can be used as part of the build process to deploy applications written in C, C++, and other compiled languages with systems like CMake, qmake, and make. When used on Qt-based applications, it can bundle a specific minimal subset of Qt required to run the application.
 
帮助文档:
 
linuxdeployqt 7 (commit d41e234), build <local dev build> built on 2021-05-31 09:46:09 UTC

Usage: linuxdeployqt <app-binary|desktop file> [options]

Options:
   -always-overwrite        : Copy files even if the target file exists.
   -appimage                : Create an AppImage (implies -bundle-non-qt-libs).
   -bundle-non-qt-libs      : Also bundle non-core, non-Qt libraries.
   -exclude-libs=<list>     : List of libraries which should be excluded,
                              separated by comma.
   -ignore-glob=<glob>      : Glob pattern relative to appdir to ignore when
                              searching for libraries.
   -executable=<path>       : Let the given executable use the deployed libraries
                              too
   -extra-plugins=<list>    : List of extra plugins which should be deployed,
                              separated by comma.
   -no-copy-copyright-files : Skip deployment of copyright files.
   -no-plugins              : Skip plugin deployment.
   -no-strip                : Don't run 'strip' on the binaries.
   -no-translations         : Skip deployment of translations.
   -qmake=<path>            : The qmake executable to use.
   -qmldir=<path>           : Scan for QML imports in the given path.
   -qmlimport=<path>        : Add the given path to QML module search locations.
   -show-exclude-libs       : Print exclude libraries list.
   -verbose=<0-3>           : 0 = no output, 1 = error/warning (default),
                              2 = normal, 3 = debug.
   -updateinformation=<update string>        : Embed update information STRING; if zsyncmake is installed, generate zsync file
   -version                 : Print version statement and exit.

linuxdeployqt takes an application as input and makes it
self-contained by copying in the Qt libraries and plugins that
the application uses.

By default it deploys the Qt instance that qmake on the $PATH points to.
The '-qmake' option can be used to point to the qmake executable
to be used instead.

Plugins related to a Qt library are copied in with the library.

See the "Deploying Applications on Linux" topic in the
documentation for more information about deployment on Linux.
 
编译
 
下载
 
git clone https://github.com/probonopd/linuxdeployqt.git -b 7 --depth 1
 
博主下载了 tag 7
 
编译-安装
 
cd linuxdeployqt
mkdir build
cd build
qmake ../linuxdeployqt.pro
make -j
sudo make install
#安装路径:/opt/Qt/Qt5.9.5/5.9.5/gcc_64/bin/linuxdeployqt 。Qt默认安装路径。
#ln -s /opt/Qt/Qt5.9.5/5.9.5/gcc_64/bin/linuxdeployqt /usr/bin/linuxdeployqt 配置为全局可执行程序
 
其他相关库下载:
 
patchelf
 
#动态链接库工具(链接、重定向)
wget https://nixos.org/releases/patchelf/patchelf-0.9/patchelf-0.9.tar.bz2
tar xf patchelf-0.9.tar.bz2
( cd patchelf-0.9/ && ./configure  && make && sudo make install )
 
appimagetool
 
#注意:根据对应平台下载(桌面-app生成工具)
sudo wget -c "https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/releases/download/continuous/appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage" -O /usr/local/bin/appimagetool
sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/appimagetool
 
测试
 
将linuxdeployqt配置为全局可执行程序后。开始测试:
 
linuxdeployqt ./xxxx -verbose=2 -appimage
#-verbose=<0-3> : 0 = no output, 1 = error/warning (default),2 = normal, 3 = debug.
#-appimage      : Create an AppImage (implies -bundle-non-qt-libs).
 
输出:
 
Log: Creating  "xxxxxxxxxx/translations/qt_tterns_uk.qm" ...
Log: "appimagetool -v 'xxxxxxxxxx' -n -g"
appimagetool, continuous build (commit 8bbf694), build <local dev build> built on 2020-12-31 11:48:33 UTC
NOTE: Using the output of 'git rev-parse --short HEAD' as the version:
      2eb7984
      Please set the $VERSION environment variable if this is not intended
Desktop file: xxxxxxxxxxx/default.desktop
Categories entry not found in desktop file
.desktop file is missing a Categories= key
Log: ret 256
Log: WEXITSTATUS(ret) 1
 
错误
 
linuxdeployqt ./RdpClient
linuxdeployqt 7 (commit d41e234), build <local dev build> built on 2021-05-31 09:46:09 UTC
FHS-like mode with PREFIX, fhsPrefix: "/../.."
QDir::exists: Empty or null file name
ERROR: Error: Could not find app-binary ""
 
安装包
 
安装包路径
 
下载完之后，给与可执行权限chmod a+x linuxdeployqt-continuous-x86_64.AppImage,全局环境变量配置mv linuxdeployqt-continuous-x86_64.AppImage /usr/bin ,或者按照上述安装路径，mv linuxdeployqt-continuous-x86_64.AppImagelinuxdeployqt /opt/Qt/Qt5.9.5/gcc/bin/linuxdeployqt
 
注意事项
 
生成文件:
 
AppRun  default.desktop  default.png  description-pak  doc  doc-pak  lib  Makefile    plugins  qt.conf  RdpClient  translations
 
实际使用过程中:
 
platforms 与 plugins 应该位于同级目录。如下述。
 
AppRun  default.desktop  default.png  description-pak  doc  doc-pak  lib  Makefile  platforms  plugins  qt.conf  RdpClient  translations
 
而生成的目录路径如下:
 
├── plugins
│   ├── iconengines
│   ├── imageformats
│   ├── platforminputcontexts
│   ├── platforms
│   └── xcbglintegrations
 
需要做一个拷贝动作；mv lugins\platforms ./
 
然后在执行相关打包工作。

一：打包工具的下载
 

 1.linuxdeployqt
https://download.csdn.net/download/leoeitail/11257960
 
2.patchelf
https://download.csdn.net/download/leoeitail/11257992
 
3:appimagetool
https://download.csdn.net/download/leoeitail/11257965
 
 
 
二：配置linuxdeployqt
 

 1:将 linuxdeployqt-5-x86_64.AppImage 重新命名成配置 linuxdeployqt ，移动到 /usr/local/bin目录下
 
 
 
 
sudo mv linuxdeployqt-continuous-x86_64.AppImage linuxdeployqt
 
 
chmod 777 linuxdeployqt
 
 
sudo mv ./linuxdeployqt /usr/local/bin
 
 
sudo linuxdelpoyqt --version
 
 
linuxdeployqt 4 (commit 988d294), build 481 built on 2018-02-02 15:05:23 UTC
 
2.显示版本表示安装成功。
 
 
 
三：配置patchelf
 

 1.下载并且解压文件夹，进入patchelf解压的文件夹后执行如下命令
 
 
 
 
./configure
 
 
make
 
 
sudo make install
 
四：配置appimagetool
 

 1:将appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage重新命名成配置appimagetool，移动到 /usr/local/bin目录下
 
 
 
 
sudo mv appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage appimagetool
 
 
chmod 777 appimagetool
 
 
sudo mv ./appimagetool /usr/local/bin
 
五：进入/usr/local/bin目录，执行ls命令出现一下情况
 
appimagetool  linuxdeployqt  patchelf
 
表示配置成功
 
 
 
六：开始打包程序
 

 1.随便一个目录创建一个文件夹命名为output.AppDir,我的就直接创建在桌面。比如说我的执行程序名字是demo123,将这个文件放到对应的bin目录下（就只放QTCreator release模式下编译的一个执行文件就可以了），这里面的结构我们梳理一下
 
 
 
 
output.AppDir -- usr -- bin -- demo123
 
 
                     -- lib -- *.so
 
 
                     -- demo123.desktop
 
 
                     -- demo123.png
 
 
                     -- AppRun
 
注意：
 lib文件夹是你的软件需要用到的动态库，将所有的动态库拷贝进去
 demo123.desktop，demo123.png，AppRun自行创建
 
2.demo123.desktop中的代码
 
 
 
 
[Desktop Entry]
 
 
Version=1.0
 
 
Name=appDesigner
 
 
Exec=
 
 
Terminal=false
 
 
Type=Application
 
 
Categories=Development;
 
 
Icon=demo123
 
 
StartupNotify=true
 
 
 
Name[en_US]=demo123.desktop
 

 4.AppRun中的代码
 
 
 
 
#!/bin/bash
 
 
HERE="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
 
 
echo "hERe is ${HERE}" //查看当前的路径
 
 
 
cd $HERE/usr/bin/
 
 
 
//设置环境变量
 
 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HERE/usr/lib/qtlib:$HERE/usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 
 
 
//运行执行文件
 
 
./demo123
 
上述AppRun是一段脚本，你们再写的时候，也可以是一个执行文件。
 
4.开始终端敲代码了。。。。。。
 
linuxdeployqt demo123 -appimage
这句结束之后，可能AppRun会被覆盖，不过没关系，将上述的代码重新覆盖一下就好了。
 

 appimagetool output.AppDir/
 这时候就会生成一个以 .AppImage结尾的执行文件，他就是最后生成出来的文件。
 
双击即可。完成！
 
 
 
 

linux Qt程序打包(linuxdeployqt工具的使用)
 
官方提供的最新版本基于Qt5.8的，用户可根据需要从源码编译成本机版本来使用，具体操作过程如下：
 
 
工具
 
 
1.linuxdeployqt
 
依赖工具: 
 
  
patchelf(必须)
appimagetool(可选)
 
2.Qt
 
确保机器已经安装Qt
 
 
 
 
 
如果需要制作成单文件程序，需要用到appimagetool，若不需要可不必下载
 
 
步骤
 
 
官网提供详细步骤，这里说下注意事项 
 下载下来的linuxdeployqt 
 1.1 (界面编译)打开QtCreator，打开linuxdeployqt项目，直接构建即可，构建完成后在linuxdeployqt目录下可找到编译好的可执行文件(linuxdeployqt) 
 1.2 (命令行)打开终端，进入linuxdeployqt项目目录，目录结构如下：
 
 
 
ls 
 BUILDING.md LICENSE.LGPLv3 linuxdeployqt.pro shared 
 Dockerfile linuxdeployqt Makefile tests 
 LICENSE.GPLv3 linuxdeployqt.AppDir README.md
 
 
执行qmake之前先设置环境变量PATH
 
export PATH=~/Qt5.xx.x/5.x/gcc_xx/bin:$PATH
 
然后执行下
 
qmake -v 
 
查看下当前使用的qmake是否为你需要的版本 
 设置完成后在linuxdeployqt项目目录下直接执行qmake，然后再执行make即可，不需要make install 
 
1.3 这样编译好后的可执行文件位于linuxdeployqt/linuxdeployqt下，将其复制至系统程序可执行目录下即可
 
sudo mv linuxdeployqt/linuxdeployqt /usr/local/bin
 
 
 
2.patchelf的编译与安装 
 操作步骤：
 
./configure
make
sudo make install (直接安装至系统目录即可)
 
 
 
关于 appimagetool 的安装参照官网即可，直接用wget下载可能比较慢，可用迅雷或其他下载工具下载下来，然后拷贝至linux系统，具体操作步骤： 
 
 
suco cp ppimagetool-x86_64.AppImage /usr/local/bin/appimagetool
sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/appimagetool
 
使用方法
 
 
命令： 
 linuxdeployqt ~/path/to/project/application -appimage
 
appimage：若根据操作安装了 appimagetool 时该参数有效，使用该参数可将你需要打包的程序打包成单个文件； 
 其他相关参数 
 
Options:
   -verbose=<0-3>      : 0 = no output, 1 = error/warning (default), 2 = normal, 3 = debug
   -no-plugins         : Skip plugin deployment
   -appimage           : Create an AppImage
   -no-strip           : Don't run 'strip' on the binaries
   -bundle-non-qt-libs : Also bundle non-core, non-Qt libraries
   -executable=<path>  : Let the given executable use the deployed libraries too
   -qmldir=<path>      : Scan for QML imports in the given path
   -always-overwrite   : Copy files even if the target file exists
linuxdeployqt takes an application as input and makes it
self-contained by copying in the Qt libraries and plugins that
the application uses.
 
官方文档
 
create by vacant. 转载请注明

主要介绍三部分内容：Qt Install FrameWork安装、打包程序、程序安装、环境配置。
 
一、Qt Install FrameWork安装 
 两种方式：编译源码、安装预编译好的Installer； 
 推荐安装预编译好的Installer。 
 下载链接：http://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt-installer-framework/ 
 可以选择最新版本下载。
 
二、打包程序 
 程序脚本： 
 #!/bin/sh
 
echo “Archive All…”
 
archiveName=”test.7z” //压缩程序
 
cd testSourceCode 
 7z a -t7z $archiveName 
 cd ..
 
cp testSourceCode/$archiveName packages/test/data/
 
rm -rf testSourceCode/$archiveName
 
../bin/binarycreator -f -c config/config.xml -p packages testInstaller //生成二进制文件
 
三、程序安装 
 。。。。。。
 
四、环境配置 
 通常程序需要依赖其他的库，如在Linux环境下，通常做法为：将依赖库复制到/lib下；此方法简单，方便；但是对于频繁的更新库，可能会导致库的更新不急时； 
 第二种方法为：更新动态库的链接路径。 
 如：写一个配置文件,test.conf，内容如下： 
 /root/test/libs 
 将此文件复制到/etc/ld.so.conf.d/ 目录下，然后运行ldconfig即可。