yum install和yum localinstall的区别
 
yum install会去yum仓库查找相应的软件并安装，仓库中的软件都是解决了依赖关系的；
yum localinstall是用来安装本地rpm包的命令，首先rpm包要先下载到本地，然后在本地目录执行yum localinstall *.rpm，yum会自动搜寻依赖关系并安装而rmp -i *.rpm不会自行解决依赖关系，缺少依赖就会报错
 
总结：YUM常用命令：
 
1.安装软件包:yum install package 这里是安装下载的软件包,由于本实验没有提供FTP下载.yum localinstall package 从本机目录安装软件包(用于安装本地已经存在的rpm包,它会自动联网处理本地rpm包可能存在的依赖.)yum groupinstall group 安装某个组件的全部软件包
 
2.更新软件包：yum update packageyum check-update 列出所有可更新的软件包yum list updates mysql* 查找mysql的更新yum update 更新所有可更新的软件包yum update mysql* 更新所有mysql的软件包yum groupupdate group 更新某个组件的所有软件包yum list 列出所有已安装和仓库中可用的软件包yum list available 列出仓库中所有可用的软件包yum list updates 列出仓库中比当前系统更新的软件包yum list installed 列出已安装的软件包yum list recent 列出新加入仓库的软件包yum info 查询软件包信息
 3.删除软件包：yum remove package
 
yum groupremove group 删除某个组件的全部软件包
 
4.清除软件包yum clean packages 清除遗留在缓存里的包文件yum clean metadata 清除遗留在缓存里的元数据yum clean headers 清除遗留在缓存里的头文件yum clean all 清除包文件，元数据，头文件
 
5.搜索软件包：yum search package
 yum info package 查找一个软件包的信息yum list package 列出包含指定信息的软件包yum list installed 列出已安装的软件包yum list extras 列出不是通过软件仓库安装的软件包yum list ttp 列出标题包含ttp的软件包yum list updates 列出可以更新的软件包
 
6.查找特定文件是由什么软件包提供的：yum whatprovides filename
 例子:
 
yum whatprovides httpd.conf 可用选项
 
–disalberepo=lib 禁用某个软件仓库
 –enalberepo=lib 启用某个软件仓库
 -C 禁用使用本机缓存的元数据
 例子:
 
yum –disalberepo=livna|–enalberepo=livna install mplayer
yum -C info httpd

这次本想记录一个yum的特殊用法，没想到找了一个yum这么全的说明。
 
先说说那个特殊用法吧
 
 
 
 [saomd@saomd linux]$ rpm -ivh VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm
 
 
 warning: VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6dfbcbae
 
 
 error: Failed dependencies:
 
 
 libQtCore.so.4 is needed by VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686
 
 
 libQtGui.so.4 is needed by VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686
 
 
 libQtNetwork.so.4 is needed by VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686
 
 
 libQtOpenGL.so.4 is needed by VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686
 
 
 
 
 发现缺少依赖包，咋整？
 
 
 
 于是乎
 [root@saomd linux]# yum localinstall VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm
 
 
 来安装，需要的rpm包也下载完成了，只是最后提示
 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6dfbcbae
 VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm 的公钥没有安装
 
 
 原来是公钥没有安装，还是加个 --nogpgcheck 参数来禁止检查gpg签名
 [root@saomd linux]# yum localinstall VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm --nogpgcheck
 
 
 最后终于得到下面的提示
 已安装:
 VirtualBox-3.1.i686 0:3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1                                 
 
 
 作为依赖被安装:
 libmodplug.i686 1:0.8.7-2.fc12    libmpcdec.i686 0:1.2.6-6.fc12
 phonon.i686 0:4.3.1-102.fc12      phonon-backend-xine.i686 0:4.3.1-102.fc12
 qt.i686 1:4.5.3-9.fc12            qt-sqlite.i686 1:4.5.3-9.fc12
 qt-x11.i686 1:4.5.3-9.fc12        xine-lib.i686 0:1.1.16.3-4.fc12            
 
 
 完毕！
 
 
 
 --------------------------------------------------分割线--------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
Yum（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora中的shell前端软件包管理器。基于rpm包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
 
　　
软体包来源

 
　　可供Yum下载的软体包包括fedora 本身的软体包以及源自rpm.livna.org的Fedora Extras，全部是由Linux社区维护的，并且基本是自由软体。所有的包都有一个独立的GPG签名，主要是为了你的系统安全。而对于Fedora core 4.0 的用户，rpm.livna.org 的签名是自动导入并安装的。

 
　　
图形化前端

 

  　　Yum的图形化前端主要有yumex和kyum。它们并不是独立于Yum的，而是Yum的图形前端，也就是说在安装和使用Yumex和kyum同时，都是以Yum的安装和配置为基础；所以在用Yumex或kyum 时，必须先安装配置Yum。
 
  
 
 
 一.做好准备工作.
 
 
 1.安装FTP,一般都是通过FTP来下载软件包.
 
 
 
 

  安装好后启动它.
 
 
 
 
 
 2.现在进行拷贝文件.
 

  把光盘里的所有文件都拷贝到/var/ftp/pub/下面.实际上只拷贝Server 和VT两个文件过去就行了,还可以不用把全部RPM安装软件包拷贝过去,太多了,一共2.4G左右,如果系统一开始安装分配给var的空间不够就可以这样做.
 

  完成后切换到/var/ftp/pub/目录下
 

  删除*.html
 
 
 删除Server/repodata/TRANS.TBL
 
 
 删除VT/repodata/TRANS.TBL
 
 
 以上是建议删除的,不删除也可以.
 
 
 

  二.配置客户端
 
 
 
 
 
 

  进去后添加如下内容.注意看清了内容很类似.
 
 
 
 

  配置文件内容简介：
 
 [ ]内的是仓库的名字
 
 name仓库的描述
 
 baseurl 是你的YUM源地址,因为这里配置的是FTP,还可以是HTTP,FILE等
 
 enabled 是否启用这个仓库，1为起用，0为禁用
 
 gpgcheck 是否检查GPG签名（用来验证要安装的包是不是REDHAT官方的）
 
 GPGKEY 的存放地址需要用下面的命令到入这个签名。才能使用这项功能
 
 
 
 

   
 
 
 三.配置服务器
 
 安装createrepo工具，然后用这个工具生成YUM通用数据库.
 
 
 
 

  可看到一个是安装,两个操作,很类似的.也可以看到是成功的.
 

  这样就OK下
 
 
 四.下面看下yum的命令和进行测试.
 
   
  1. yum install <package> 这里是安装下载的软件包,由于本实验没有提供FTP下载.
 

     
 2.yum localinstall <package> 本地安装软件包,在这里本服务器做YUM源.看个例子.
 

     
 

  [root@rhel5 /]# yum localinstall /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp*
 
 Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
 
 Loading "installonlyn" plugin
 
 This system is not registered with RHN.
 
 RHN support will be disabled.
 
 Setting up Local Package Process
 
 Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm: dhcp - 12:3.0.5-3.el5.i386
 
 Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm: dhcp-devel - 12:3.0.5-3.el5.i386
 
 Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm: dhcpv6 - 0.10-33.el5.i386
 
 Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm: dhcpv6_client - 0.10-33.el5.i386
 
 Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
 
 Setting up repositories
 
 Reading repository metadata in from local files
 
 Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
 
 Setting up repositories
 
 Reading repository metadata in from local files
 
 Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
 
 Setting up repositories
 
 Reading repository metadata in from local files
 
 Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
 
 Setting up repositories
 
 Reading repository metadata in from local files
 
 Resolving Dependencies
 
 --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
 
 ---> Package dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 set to be updated
 
 ---> Package dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be updated
 
 ---> Package dhcpv6_client.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be updated
 
 ---> Package dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 set to be updated
 
 --> Running transaction check
 

  Dependencies Resolved
 

  =============================================================================
 
  Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size 
 
 =============================================================================
 
 Installing:
 
  dhcp                    i386       12:3.0.5-3.el5   /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm  2.1 M
 
  dhcp-devel              i386       12:3.0.5-3.el5   /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm  1.4 M
 
  dhcpv6                  i386       0.10-33.el5      /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm  759 k
 
  dhcpv6_client           i386       0.10-33.el5      /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm  161 k
 

  Transaction Summary
 
 =============================================================================
 
 Install      4 Package(s)         
 
 Update       0 Package(s)         
 
 Remove       0 Package(s)        
 

  Total download size: 4.4 M
 
 Is this ok [y/N]: y
 
 Downloading Packages:
 
 Running Transaction Test
 
 Finished Transaction Test
 
 Transaction Test Succeeded
 
 Running Transaction
 
   Installing: dhcp                         ######################### [1/4] 
 
   Installing: dhcpv6                       ######################### [2/4] 
 
   Installing: dhcpv6_client                ######################### [3/4] 
 
   Installing: dhcp-devel                   ######################### [4/4]
 

  Installed: dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 dhcpv6_client.i386 0:0.10-33.el5
 
 Complete!
 
 [root@rhel5 /]# 
 
  
 

   
 
 
 3.yum update 全部更新
 

  [root@rhel5 /]# yum update
 
 Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
 
 Loading "installonlyn" plugin
 
 This system is not registered with RHN.
 
 RHN support will be disabled.
 
 Setting up Update Process
 
 Setting up repositories
 
 Reading repository metadata in from local files
 
 No Packages marked for Update/Obsoletion
 
 
 
 
 4.yum update package 更新指定程序包package
 5.yum check-update
 
 
 [root@rhel5 /]# yum check-update
 
 Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
 
 Loading "installonlyn" plugin
 
 This system is not registered with RHN.
 
 RHN support will be disabled.
 
 Setting up repositories
 
 Reading repository metadata in from local filesck-update
 
 
 
 
 6.yum info <package> 显示安装包信息
 7.yum list 显示所有已经安装和可以安装的程序包
 8.yum list <package> 显示指定程序包安装情况
 9.yum search <keyword>查找软件包
 

  [root@rhel5 /]# yum search "dhcp*"
 
 Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
 
 Loading "installonlyn" plugin
 
 This system is not registered with RHN.
 
 RHN support will be disabled.
 
 Setting up repositories
 
 Reading repository metadata in from local files
 

   
 

  dhcpv6_client.i386                       0.10-33.el5            installed       
 
 Matched from:
 
 dhcpv6_client
 
 DHCPv6 client
 

  Provides the client for the DHCPv6 protocol (RFC 3315) to support
 
 dynamic configuration of IPv6 addresses and parameters.
 
 See man dhcp6c(8), dhcp6c.conf(5), and the documentation in
 
 /usr/share/dhcpv6_client* .
 
 
 [url]http://dhcpv6.sourceforge.net/[/url]
 

   
 

  dhcp-devel.i386                          12:3.0.5-3.el5         installed       
 
 Matched from:
 
 dhcp-devel
 
 Development headers and libraries for interfacing to the DHCP server
 

  Libraries for interfacing with the ISC DHCP server.
 
 
 [url]http://isc.org/products/DHCP/[/url]
 

   
 

  dhcp.i386                                12:3.0.5-3.el5         installed       
 
 Matched from:
 
 dhcp
 
 A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server and relay agent.
 

  DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol which allows
 
 individual devices on an IP network to get their own network
 
 configuration information (IP address, subnetmask, broadcast address,
 
 etc.) from a DHCP server. The overall purpose of DHCP is to make it
 
 easier to administer a large network.  The dhcp package includes the
 
 ISC DHCP service and relay agent.
 

  To use DHCP on your network, install a DHCP service (or relay agent),
 
 and on clients run a DHCP client daemon.  The dhcp package provides
 
 the ISC DHCP service and relay agent.
 
 
 [url]http://isc.org/products/DHCP/[/url]
 

   
 

  dhcpv6.i386                              0.10-33.el5            installed       
 
 Matched from:
 
 dhcpv6
 
 DHCPv6 - DHCP server and client for IPv6
 

  Implements the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) for
 
 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) networks in accordance with
 
 RFC 3315 : Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6).
 
 Consists of dhcp6s(8), the server DHCP daemon, and dhcp6r(8),
 
 the DHCPv6 relay agent.
 
 Install this if you want to support dynamic configuration of
 
 IPv6 addresses and parameters on your IPv6 network.
 
 See man dhcp6s(8), dhcp6r(8), dhcp6s.conf(5),
 
 and the documentation in /usr/share/doc/dhcpv6* .
 
 
 [url]http://dhcpv6.sourceforge.net/[/url]
 
 [root@rhel5 /]# 
 
  
 
 
 
 10.yum remove | erase package1 删除程序包
 
  [root@rhel5 /]# yum remove "dhcp*"
 
 Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
 
 Loading "installonlyn" plugin
 
 This system is not registered with RHN.
 
 RHN support will be disabled.
 
 Setting up Remove Process
 
 Resolving Dependencies
 
 --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
 
 ---> Package dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 set to be erased
 
 ---> Package dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be erased
 
 ---> Package dhcpv6_client.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be erased
 
 ---> Package dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 set to be erased
 
 --> Running transaction check
 

  Dependencies Resolved
 

  =============================================================================
 
  Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size 
 
 =============================================================================
 
 Removing:
 
  dhcp                    i386       12:3.0.5-3.el5   installed         2.1 M
 
  dhcp-devel              i386       12:3.0.5-3.el5   installed         1.4 M
 
  dhcpv6                  i386       0.10-33.el5      installed         759 k
 
  dhcpv6_client           i386       0.10-33.el5      installed         161 k
 

  Transaction Summary
 
 =============================================================================
 
 Install      0 Package(s)         
 
 Update       0 Package(s)         
 
 Remove       4 Package(s)        
 

  Is this ok [y/N]: y
 
 Downloading Packages:
 
 Running Transaction Test
 
 Finished Transaction Test
 
 Transaction Test Succeeded
 
 Running Transaction
 
   Removing  : dhcp                         ######################### [1/4]
 
   Removing  : dhcpv6                       ######################### [2/4]
 
   Removing  : dhcpv6_client                ######################### [3/4]
 
   Removing  : dhcp-devel                   ######################### [4/4]
 

  Removed: dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 dhcpv6_client.i386 0:0.10-33.el5
 
 Complete!
 
 [root@rhel5 /]# 
 
 
 
 
 yum 会把下载的软件包和header存储在cache中，而不会自动删除。如果觉得它们占用了磁盘空间，可以使用yum clean指令进行清除.
 yum clean headers清除header
 yum clean packages清除下载的rpm包
 yum clean all 清除header与rpm包

 今天在Fedora 12上安装VBox的时候遇到一点麻烦，还好yum localinstall 帮我轻松的解决这个问题.
 [Blinux@Blinux 下载]$ rpm -ivh VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm
 warning: VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6dfbcbae
 error: Failed dependencies:
 libQtCore.so.4 is needed by VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686
 libQtGui.so.4 is needed by VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686
 libQtNetwork.so.4 is needed by VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686
 libQtOpenGL.so.4 is needed by VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686
 
 于是乎我
 [root@Blinux 下载]# yum localinstall VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm
 
 来安装，需要的rpm包也下载完成了，只是最后提示
 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6dfbcbae
 VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm 的公钥没有安装
 
 原来是公钥没有安装，还是加个 --nogpgcheck 参数来禁止检查gpg签名
 [root@Blinux 下载]# yum localinstall VirtualBox-3.1-3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1.i686.rpm --nogpgcheck
 
 最后终于得到下面的提示
 已安装:
 VirtualBox-3.1.i686 0:3.1.0_55467_fedora12-1                                 
 
 作为依赖被安装:
 libmodplug.i686 1:0.8.7-2.fc12    libmpcdec.i686 0:1.2.6-6.fc12
 phonon.i686 0:4.3.1-102.fc12      phonon-backend-xine.i686 0:4.3.1-102.fc12
 qt.i686 1:4.5.3-9.fc12            qt-sqlite.i686 1:4.5.3-9.fc12
 qt-x11.i686 1:4.5.3-9.fc12        xine-lib.i686 0:1.1.16.3-4.fc12            
 
 完毕！
 
 1.4总结：YUM常用命令：
 1.安装软件包:
 
 yum install package
 yum localinstall package 从本机目录安装软件包
 yum groupinstall group 安装某个组件的全部软件包
 
 2.更新软件包：
 yum update package
 yum check-update 列出所有可更新的软件包
 yum list updates mysql* 查找mysql的更新
 yum update 更新所有可更新的软件包
 yum update mysql* 更新所有mysql的软件包
 yum groupupdate group 更新某个组件的所有软件包
 yum list 列出所有已安装和仓库中可用的软件包
 yum list available 列出仓库中所有可用的软件包
 yum list updates 列出仓库中比当前系统更新的软件包
 yum list installed 列出已安装的软件包
 yum list recent 列出新加入仓库的软件包
 yum info 查询软件包信息
        
 3.删除软件包：
 yum remove package
 yum groupremove group 删除某个组件的全部软件包
 
 4.清除软件包
 yum clean packages 清除遗留在缓存里的包文件
 yum clean metadata 清除遗留在缓存里的元数据
 yum clean headers 清除遗留在缓存里的头文件
 yum clean all 清除包文件，元数据，头文件
 
 5.搜索软件包：
 yum search package
 yum info package 查找一个软件包的信息
 yum list package 列出包含指定信息的软件包
 yum list installed 列出已安装的软件包
 yum list extras 列出不是通过软件仓库安装的软件包
 yum list *ttp* 列出标题包含ttp的软件包
 yum list updates 列出可以更新的软件包
 
 6.查找特定文件是由什么软件包提供的：
 yum whatprovides filename
 例子:
 yum whatprovides httpd.conf
 
 可用选项
 –disalberepo=lib 禁用某个软件仓库
 –enalberepo=lib 启用某个软件仓库
 
 -C 禁用使用本机缓存的元数据
 例子:
 yum –disalberepo=livna|–enalberepo=livna install mplayer
 yum -C info httpd
 
 联系作者：
 
 
 
 
 加群交流：
 
 
 

yum install 和 yum localinstall的区别
 
yum install会去yum仓库查找相应的软件并安装，仓库中的软件都是解决了依赖关系的。
yum localinstall是用来安装本地rpm包的命令，首先rpm包要先下载到本地，然后在本地目录执行yum localinstall *.rpm。
 yum会自动搜寻依赖关系并安装 rmp -i *
 rpm不会自行解决依赖关系，缺少依赖就会报错