tomcat的一些文件的介绍
 
 
bin文件夹下的startup/shutdown进行启动或者关闭脚本文件
 
tomcat最主要的两个知识点
 
1.修改端口号
 
conf->server.xml  修改标签页Connector port属性值即可更改
 
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
 
2.修改localhost名字(需要修改host,所以我不在进行介绍)
 
狂神在javaweb P3有讲解.
 
 

Tomcat的默认端口号在server包下的server.xml里面。
 
 打开server.xml后，在里面找到下图的一段代码，里面的port=“8080”就代表Tomcat的默认端口号，修改8080的值就可以成功改Tomcat的默认端口号。
 

1.前一段时间在自己的云服务器上部署了个tomcat服务器并部署了项目,Tomcat的http请求端口还是使用的8080端口,并开放了外网访问权限,这样在安全性上可能存在漏斗,特此想着修改下Tomcat端口 并学习下tomcat的运行原理.特此记录下,以供以后回顾用(有疏漏的地方,还请看到的同学指出,尽快修改 省得误导了同学们).
 
2.tomcat端口修改,这个网上一搜就找到了,找到tomcat的安装目录下的conf文件夹,编辑server.xml文件,文件配置如下,需要修改的地方为Connection中http通讯协议的部分port端口 修改为其他没有占用的端口即可(使用netstat -tunlp|grep xxx即可查看该端口号是否被占用)
 
  <Connector port="xxx" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
 

 修改前后对比
 
 
3.端口修改完毕:来看一下tomcat中运行的基本原理(仅从server.xml配置文件的角度上看,具体代码层面后面的可以看) ,首先我的server.xml配置有哪些内容.如下图
 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>
  <Service name="Catalina">
    <Connector port="9090" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">

        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />			   
	    <Context docBase="/usr/local/store/upload" path="/pv_webT/upload" reloadable="true"/>
		<Context docBase="/usr/local/store/Pdf" path="/pv_webT/Pdf" reloadable="true"/>
      </Host>	  
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

 
可以看到xml文件Server节点组成,其中涉及到端口的主要有3个位置
 1.Server port=“8005” shutdown=“SHUTDOWN” tomcat服务器关闭端口
 
2.Connector port=“9090” protocol=“HTTP/1.1” connectionTimeout=“20000”
 redirectPort=“8443” 此处是service 服务下的 http通讯协议端口 默认为8080,也就是常用的请求tomcat中项目的端口地址,同时还有一个8443端口,这个是用于如果请求时https的接口 重定向端口的位置,同时设置了个超时时间为20000毫秒(也就是20s)
 
3.同时service服务下还有一个ajp通讯协议的端口Connector port=“8009” protocol=“AJP/1.3” redirectPort=“8443” 这个主要是用于tomcat服务器与其他http服务器之间通讯的端口地址(目前项目中没有涉及到,暂不深究)
 
上面大体知道了tomcat启用所必须使用的几个端口,如果一个服务器中涉及到多个tomcat服务器,那么服务器之间的端口号要做到不一样,防止发生干扰的情况.最后整体再看一下server.xml配置文件中的其他内容
 
1.tomcat配置文件中有一部分是作为监听器使用的,但从英文就应该知道其各部分的作用 分别是版本日志监听器,tomcat 虚拟机内存防止溢出监听器,全局资源配置,防止线程溢出监听器
 
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
 
2.这里是全局资源配置的地址,从配置中的tomcat-users.xml文件就可以知道主要是用于tomcat网页管理 的配置信息,主要用于tomcat管理页面用户的权限及账号密码信息配置
 <GlobalNamingResources> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources>
 
3.最后就是server.xml配置文件中的主角,service节点部分,主要是connection监听端口信息部分(包含http协议及ajp通讯协议内容), http通讯协议收到信息交由Egine处理, Egine交由 host虚拟主机进行处理,虚拟主机根据请求路径 寻找context配置的 项目web容器, 交由对应的Servlet处理,进入相关的get post请求方法中,返回 然后交由web容器 host->egine->connection->http请求–>7层osi模型到达用户响应端.
 
<Service name="Catalina">
    <Connector port="9090" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">

        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />			   
	    <Context docBase="/usr/local/store/upload" path="/pv_webT/upload" reloadable="true"/>
		<Context docBase="/usr/local/store/Pdf" path="/pv_webT/Pdf" reloadable="true"/>
      </Host>	  
    </Engine>
  </Service>
 
整理一下tomcat接受客户端请求到响应的一个流程
 
假设来自客户的请求为： 
http://localhost:8080/wsota/wsota_index.jsp 
1. 请求被发送到本机端口8080，被在那里侦听的Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector获得 
2. Connector把该请求交给它所在的Service的Engine来处理，并等待来自Engine的回应 
3. Engine获得请求localhost/wsota/wsota_index.jsp，匹配它所拥有的所有虚拟主机Host 
4. Engine匹配到名为localhost的Host（即使匹配不到也把请求交给该Host处理，因为该Host被定义为该Engine的默认主机） 
5. localhost Host获得请求/wsota/wsota_index.jsp，匹配它所拥有的所有Context 
6. Host匹配到路径为/wsota的Context（如果匹配不到就把该请求交给路径名为”“的Context去处理） 
7. path=”/wsota”的Context获得请求/wsota_index.jsp，在它的mapping table中寻找对应的servlet 
8. Context匹配到URL PATTERN为*.jsp的servlet，对应于JspServlet类 
9. 构造HttpServletRequest对象和HttpServletResponse对象，作为参数调用JspServlet的doGet或doPost方法 
10. Context把执行完了之后的HttpServletResponse对象返回给Host 
11. Host把HttpServletResponse对象返回给Engine 
12. Engine把HttpServletResponse对象返回给Connector 
13. Connector把HttpServletResponse对象返回给客户browser
 

 最后:写的有点混乱 因为主要是给自己学习后加深印象及日后复习用的,所以有讲的不对的地方 希望各位同学及时指出,大家共同进步
 
感谢大佬的资料https://www.cnblogs.com/jobs-lgy/p/8136331.html
 对于想要深入了解tomcat的同学很有帮助

1.通过配置文件修改Tomcat端口号
 首先：Tomcat端口号默认使用的是8080端口，没有修改的情况下都是8080
 我们可以通过server.xml文件修改Tomcat的端口号
 
server.xml文件在哪？
 
首先找到Tomcat目录：
 
 
conf目录下存放的是tomcat的配置文件。
 
 
打开会发现有一个server.xml的配置文件，用文本编辑器打开（带有颜色，易于区分注释与代码）：
 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
         SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
         library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
         AprLifecycleListener.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
         the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
        <SSLHostConfig>
            <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
                         type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->
    <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
         This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
         OpenSSL for TLS.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
         configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
        <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
        <SSLHostConfig>
            <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
                         certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
                         certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
                         type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>
 
我们只需要修改这里面的8080端口号为指定的端口号就行，其他的都不需要改：
 
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                connectionTimeout="20000"
                redirectPort="8443" />
 
例如：
 
<Connector port="6060" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                connectionTimeout="20000"
                redirectPort="8443" />
 
改完后一定要重启服务器。