代码：
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main( )
{
    char c[16];
    char f[100];
    cout<<"请输入文件名：";
    cin>>f;
    ifstream infile(f,ios::in|ios::binary);
    if(!infile)
    {
        cerr<<"open error!";
        exit(1);
    }
    while(!infile.eof())
    {
        infile.read(c,16);
        if(!infile.eof())
        {
            for(int i=0; i<16; ++i)
                cout<<setfill('0')<<setw(2)<<hex<<int((unsigned char)(c[i]))<<" ";
            cout<<'\t';
            for(int i=0; i<16; ++i)
                cout<<(c[i]?c[i]:'.');
            cout<<endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


运行结果：

简单的二进制阅读器(或者说16进制查看器)

在学习BMP位图的构成时，对网上的收费16进制查看器很是烦躁，notepad查看时卡到放弃人生
因为只是为了初步学习图片知识，以及查看2进制文件内部构成的话，可以自己实现一个

思路


使用C++的文件操作进行二进制的读操作，这里默认以1个字节为单位（2位16进制）


每次读一个字节，就将其转化位16进制，读取的时候需要注意有符号数和无符号数的区别，我这里用unsigned Char 来存取每一个字节的内容


对于C++的文件读写网上很多介绍


对于每一个读取的数写入文本文件内（.txt文件）便于查看


计算文件大小 通过C++的文件指针移动即首尾文件指针差除以1024即文件大小（KB）


代码如下
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include<cstdlib>

using namespace std;

char HEX[16] = { '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F' };

void transfrom(int num, char* hexNumber)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		hexNumber[i] = '0';
	}
	int index = 7;
	while (num != 0 && index >= 0)
	{
		hexNumber[index--] = HEX[num % 16];
		num = num / 16;
	}
}

string getFileName(string& filename)
{
	int index = -1;
	for (int i = filename.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		if (filename[i] == '\\')
		{
			index = i;
			break;
		}
	}
	return filename.substr(index + 1, filename.length());
}

int main()
{
	int num = 0;    //The Byte have been read
	string path_r;
	string path_w;
	cout << "Please input the File for read and write's name: " << endl;

	ifstream in;
	ofstream out;

	while (true)
	{
		cout << "The file path to read: ";
		getline(cin, path_r);
		in = ifstream(path_r, ios::binary);
		if (!in.is_open())
		{
			cout << "Error: File Path is Wrong" << endl;
		}
		else break;
	}
	// Get the file path to Write
	cout << "The File Path to save(.txt): ";
	getline(cin, path_w);
	out = ofstream(path_w);

	//Get the File size
	long long Beg = in.tellg();
	in.seekg(0, ios::end);
	long long End = in.tellg();
	long long fileSize = End - Beg;
	in.seekg(0, ios::beg);
	out << "\t\t" << getFileName(path_r) << "\tFile Size: " << fileSize / 1024.0 << 	"KB" << endl << endl;

	//The index of every row
	char hexNumber[9] = "00000000";

	//Print the first row's index
	unsigned char temp;
	out << "\t\t"; //Format index
	for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) out << HEX[i] << "  ";
	out << endl;



	//Read and Write File
	while (in.read((char*)&temp, 1))
	{
		if (num % 16 == 0)
		{
			out << endl;
			transfrom(num, hexNumber);
			out << hexNumber << ":\t";
		}
		num++;
		int hex = (unsigned)temp;
		char a = HEX[hex / 16];
		char b = HEX[hex % 16];
		out << a << b << " ";
	}

	out.seekp(0,ios::beg);
	
	// Close file
	in.close();
	out.close();

	cout << "Read Successfully" << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行说明

不能输入输出文件名一致（可以自己试试ㄟ( ▔, ▔ )ㄏ）
首先输入需要读的文件（可以直接将文件拖入黑框 系统会自动输入绝对路径）
然后输入用于保存结果的 TXT 文件（如果不存在则在当前目录新建）

运行截图

以读取Bmp图像为例

计算机内部使用了二进制数据，为了节约空间，又定义了八进制和十六进制来表示二进制数据。对于普通人来说，十进制更加容易阅读，本例子将实现一个进制转换器。
package mytest;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import java.awt.GridLayout;

import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.border.EtchedBorder;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.FocusAdapter;
import java.awt.event.FocusEvent;

public class Example extends JFrame {
    
    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JTextField textField;
    private String number;
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Example frame = new Example();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }
    
    public Example() {
        setTitle("\u8FDB\u5236\u8F6C\u6362\u5DE5\u5177");//进制转换工具
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 450, 150);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));
        setContentPane(contentPane);

        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        contentPane.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 5, 5));

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();
        panel1.setBorder(new EtchedBorder(EtchedBorder.LOWERED, null, null));
        panel.add(panel1);
        panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2, 5, 5));

        JLabel label = new JLabel("\u8BF7\u8F93\u5165\u8981\u8F6C\u6362\u7684\u6570\u636E\uFF1A");
        label.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 16));
        panel1.add(label);

        textField = new JTextField();
        textField.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
                do_textField_focusLost(e);
            }
        });
        textField.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 16));
        panel1.add(textField);
        textField.setColumns(10);

        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel();
        panel2.setBorder(new EtchedBorder(EtchedBorder.LOWERED, null, null));
        panel.add(panel2);

        JRadioButton binaryRadioButton = new JRadioButton("\u4E8C\u8FDB\u5236");
        binaryRadioButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                do_binaryRadioButton_actionPerformed(e);
            }
        });
        binaryRadioButton.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 16));
        panel2.add(binaryRadioButton);

        JRadioButton octalRadioButton = new JRadioButton("\u516B\u8FDB\u5236");
        octalRadioButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                do_octalRadioButton_actionPerformed(e);
            }
        });
        octalRadioButton.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 16));
        panel2.add(octalRadioButton);

        JRadioButton decimalRadioButton = new JRadioButton("\u5341\u8FDB\u5236");
        decimalRadioButton.setSelected(true);
        decimalRadioButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                do_decimalRadioButton_actionPerformed(e);
            }
        });
        decimalRadioButton.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 16));
        panel2.add(decimalRadioButton);

        JRadioButton hexRadioButton = new JRadioButton("\u5341\u516D\u8FDB\u5236");
        hexRadioButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                do_hexRadioButton_actionPerformed(e);
            }
        });
        hexRadioButton.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, 16));
        panel2.add(hexRadioButton);

        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(binaryRadioButton);
        group.add(octalRadioButton);
        group.add(decimalRadioButton);
        group.add(hexRadioButton);
    }

    protected void do_binaryRadioButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        textField.setText(Integer.toBinaryString(Integer.parseInt(number)));
    }

    protected void do_octalRadioButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        textField.setText(Integer.toOctalString(Integer.parseInt(number)));
    }

    protected void do_decimalRadioButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        textField.setText(number);
    }

    protected void do_hexRadioButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        textField.setText(Integer.toHexString(Integer.parseInt(number)));
    }

    protected void do_textField_focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
        number = textField.getText();
    }
}

执行结果如下图所示：


问题及代码：
/*Copyright (c)2016,烟台大学计算机与控制工程学院
*All rights reserved.
*文件名称：main.cpp
*作    者：崔青青
*完成日期：2016年6月13日
*版 本 号：v1.0
*问题描述：
*输入描述：无
*输出描述：无
*/

#include <iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a;
    ofstream outfile("f2.dat",ios::out|ios::binary);
    if(!outfile)
    {
        cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    cin>>a;
    outfile.write((char*)&a,sizeof(int));
    outfile.close();
    return 0;
}




运行结果：


知识点总结：
ofstream是从内存到硬盘，ifstream是从硬盘到内存，iOS：：out是以输出方式打开，然后有一个错误检查。

学习心得：

虽然还不太懂，但是我觉得慢慢会懂的