近日，有卡友因信用卡晚还款一天被银行收取高达1104.56元的滞纳金，说好的“还款容时容差”服务怎么就没有了呢？该卡友还特意搬出中国银行业协会公布的修订版《中国银行卡行业自律公约》，从2013年7月1日开始，各银行应向信用卡持卡人提供容差和容时服务：持卡人欠款3天以内、所欠金额少于10元的即应视为按时还款，信用卡到期还款日之前3天，银行还需提醒。



　　自《中国银行卡行业自律公约》出台以来，由于各家银行执行标准不一，不少卡友表示傻傻弄不清。下面融360带你一张图秒懂各大银行提供的“容时容差”服务吧！

图片仅供参考，以银行最新公布为准。




　　广发银行、工商银行没有容时还款政策，
　　广发银行、建设银行、花旗银行没有容差

　　还款政策，卡友快来看看你的信用卡有容时容差服务吗？

　　融360提示

　　虽然各银行信用卡中心提供标准不同的容时容差服务，如非特殊情况，持卡人还是按时全额还款。一旦造成逾期，不仅要支付高额滞纳金，而且影响个人征信。

概述
 最近不知道写啥，就分享下之前生产环境装oracle rac环境的时候做的一个磁盘扩容案例吧，整理了一下，按照流程下来基本没问题的，主要是作为备忘。
平滑扩容
基础环境检查
fdisk -l
df -h
做啥事之前先检查总是没错的，通过上面的两个命令对系统磁盘有个大概的了解。
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sdb: 299.0 GB, 298999349248 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36351 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000d4200Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 36352 291990528 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sda: 479.0 GB, 478998953984 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 58234 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000c4a37Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 58235 467259392 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-swap_lv: 34.6 GB, 34603008000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4206 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sdc: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sdd: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sde: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-var_lv: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-tmp_lv: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv9.8G 6.7G 2.6G 73% /tmpfs 127G 72K 127G 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 477M 40M 412M 9% /boot/dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv4.8G 10M 4.6G 1% /home/dev/mapper/VolGroup-tmp_lv4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /tmp/dev/mapper/VolGroup-var_lv4.8G 213M 4.4G 5% /var
1、分析pv、vg情况
pvs
vgs
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree/dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 445.61g 388.38g/dev/sdb1 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 278.46g 278.46g[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# vgsVG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFreeVolGroup 2 5 0 wz--n- 724.07g 666.84g
2、创建物理卷(不做)
pvcreate /dev/sdapvs
这里我选择不做是因为已经在里面了，所以没做这一步。
3、扩展逻辑卷(不做)
vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdapvslvsvgsdf -h
这里我选择不做是因为已经在里面了，所以没做这一步。
4、拉伸磁盘空间
lvextend -L +300G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv
lvextend -L +200G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv
vgs
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# lvextend -L +300G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lvSize of logical volume VolGroup/root_lv changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 310.00 GiB (79360 extents).Logical volume root_lv successfully resized.[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# vgsVG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFreeVolGroup 2 5 0 wz--n- 724.07g 366.84g
5、resize2fs生效
resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv
resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lvresize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem at /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing requiredold desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 20Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv to 81264640 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv is now 81264640 blocks long.
6、检查
df -h
pvs
vgs
lvs
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv306G 6.7G 283G 3% /tmpfs 127G 72K 127G 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 477M 40M 412M 9% /boot/dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv4.8G 10M 4.6G 1% /home/dev/mapper/VolGroup-tmp_lv4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /tmp/dev/mapper/VolGroup-var_lv4.8G 213M 4.4G 5% /var[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree/dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 445.61g 88.38g/dev/sdb1 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 278.46g 278.46g[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# vgsVG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFreeVolGroup 2 5 0 wz--n- 724.07g 366.84g[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converthome_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 5.00groot_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 310.00gswap_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 32.23gtmp_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 5.00gvar_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 5.00g
总结：
上面的整体流程实际上是先通过fdisk -l看哪个盘准备拿来用，然后pvcreate它，接下来用vgextend扩展卷组，然后对其中的一个逻辑卷lvextend拉伸磁盘空间，最后resize2fs生效。
后面会分享更多DBA和devops方面的内容，感兴趣的朋友可以关注下！！

概述
 最近不知道写啥，就分享下之前生产环境装oracle rac环境的时候做的一个磁盘扩容案例吧，整理了一下，按照流程下来基本没问题的，主要是作为备忘。
平滑扩容
基础环境检查
fdisk -l
df -h
做啥事之前先检查总是没错的，通过上面的两个命令对系统磁盘有个大概的了解。
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sdb: 299.0 GB, 298999349248 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36351 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000d4200Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 36352 291990528 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sda: 479.0 GB, 478998953984 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 58234 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000c4a37Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 58235 467259392 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-swap_lv: 34.6 GB, 34603008000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4206 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sdc: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sdd: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sde: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-var_lv: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-tmp_lv: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv9.8G 6.7G 2.6G 73% /tmpfs 127G 72K 127G 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 477M 40M 412M 9% /boot/dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv4.8G 10M 4.6G 1% /home/dev/mapper/VolGroup-tmp_lv4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /tmp/dev/mapper/VolGroup-var_lv4.8G 213M 4.4G 5% /var
1、分析pv、vg情况
pvs
vgs
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree/dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 445.61g 388.38g/dev/sdb1 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 278.46g 278.46g[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# vgsVG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFreeVolGroup 2 5 0 wz--n- 724.07g 666.84g
2、创建物理卷(不做)
pvcreate /dev/sdapvs
这里我选择不做是因为已经在里面了，所以没做这一步。
3、扩展逻辑卷(不做)
vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdapvslvsvgsdf -h
这里我选择不做是因为已经在里面了，所以没做这一步。
4、拉伸磁盘空间
lvextend -L +300G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv
lvextend -L +200G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv
vgs
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# lvextend -L +300G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lvSize of logical volume VolGroup/root_lv changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 310.00 GiB (79360 extents).Logical volume root_lv successfully resized.[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# vgsVG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFreeVolGroup 2 5 0 wz--n- 724.07g 366.84g
5、resize2fs生效
resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv
resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lvresize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem at /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing requiredold desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 20Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv to 81264640 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv is now 81264640 blocks long.
6、检查
df -h
pvs
vgs
lvs
[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-root_lv306G 6.7G 283G 3% /tmpfs 127G 72K 127G 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 477M 40M 412M 9% /boot/dev/mapper/VolGroup-home_lv4.8G 10M 4.6G 1% /home/dev/mapper/VolGroup-tmp_lv4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /tmp/dev/mapper/VolGroup-var_lv4.8G 213M 4.4G 5% /var[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree/dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 445.61g 88.38g/dev/sdb1 VolGroup lvm2 a--u 278.46g 278.46g[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# vgsVG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFreeVolGroup 2 5 0 wz--n- 724.07g 366.84g[root@S-ppxt-dm7-1 ~]# lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converthome_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 5.00groot_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 310.00gswap_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 32.23gtmp_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 5.00gvar_lv VolGroup -wi-ao---- 5.00g
总结：
上面的整体流程实际上是先通过fdisk -l看哪个盘准备拿来用，然后pvcreate它，接下来用vgextend扩展卷组，然后对其中的一个逻辑卷lvextend拉伸磁盘空间，最后resize2fs生效。
后面会分享更多DBA和devops方面的内容，感兴趣的朋友可以关注下！！

戴尔服务器扩容内存

内存规格

厂家的话，三星，镁光都可以使用（目前测试使用可以识别）
该测试时使用的16G镁光内存条。
服务器类型DELL-R730XD

目前服务内存为64G。
服务器内存插槽照片： 




扩容开始：

内存展示照片： 




扩容前服务器内存



[root@localhost ~]# free -h
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           62G       777M        62G       188K        71M       248M
-/+ buffers/cache:       457M        62G 
Swap:          15G         0B        15G

扩容内存操作前先关闭服务器，待服务器完全关机后，再断电操作。
Dell服务器内存插槽有特定的用法，随意乱插会导致插入的内存不生效。
服务器机盖上有一层贴纸，上面标注了插槽的使用规则。
简单来说：A1-B1;A2-B2；A3-B3…以此类推，不可混插。
附上贴纸内存槽位部分的图片： 

在主板上也有对应的数字，A1,B1,A2,B2…所以按照此方法插入，亲测完全可用。
附上主板上的插槽图片： 

插入内存时，先取出原槽位上的黑色挡板（防止灰尘落入槽内），然后在插入内存条，听到“咔嚓”一声后表明已经完全插好。盖上防尘盖，盖上服务器机盖。
扩容操作完毕后，开机，检查内存是否已被系统识别。
内存扩容完毕



16:30:43[root@localhost ~]# free -h
16:30:43             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
16:30:43Mem:          188G       736M       188G       196K       9.4M        42M
16:30:43-/+ buffers/cache:       684M       188G 
16:30:43Swap:          15G         0B        15G 

查看到内存已经增加，说明扩容完成。