目前，在大数据时代下代理ip的用处变得十分重要，ip地址在大家身边的应用也是很多的，有很多的朋友不清楚固定ip地址是什么，下面就给大家详细介绍下相关信息：
 
1、静态ip地址又称为固定ip地址，是指长期分配给计算机或网络设备使用的ip地址。
 一般是特殊的服务器或者采用专线上网的计算机才拥有固定的 IP 地址而且需要比较昂贵的费用。静态 IP 是二级路由必须用到的。
 
2、静态ip地址不会改变，并且主要用于互联网上的网站应用或服务。
 相信大家有所了解，固定IP是不会改变的，生活中一些游戏者往往也倾向于选择静态 IP 地址，因为沟通更容易。
 
3、静态ip地址的安全性很高，能够保障工作效率
 固定ip在安全性，比共享IP要高，主要体现在可以预防因这当中一个用户出现问题而致使的这个IP的不能使用，并不会影响用户工作效率。

 

  
 
 
tldr 是什么
 

  
  
 
 
Unlike most internet acronyms, TLDR (or TL;DR) has found its way into news articles, professional emails, and even Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary. But what does TLDR mean, how do you use it, and where did it come from?
 
 
 与大多数互联网首字母缩略词不同，TLDR(或TL; DR)已进入新闻文章，专业电子邮件甚至Merriam-Webster词典中 。 但是TLDR是什么意思，您如何使用它以及它来自何处？ 
 
 
 太长; 没看 (Too Long; Didn’t Read)
 
 
TLDR (or TL;DR) is a common internet acronym for “Too Long; Didn’t Read.” At face value, the phrase seems pretty easy to understand. But words and phrases can change depending on their context, and TLDR is no exception.
 
 
 TLDR(或TL; DR)是Internet的常见缩写，表示“ Too Long; 没看。” 从表面上看，该短语似乎很容易理解。 但是单词和短语可以根据其上下文而改变，并且TLDR也不例外。 
 
 
In its simplest form, TLDR is used to express that a piece of digital text (an article, email, etc.) is too long to be worth reading. A lone “TLDR?” without any explanation could be an intentionally rude or funny comment. In most cases, though, it’s just a witty acknowledgment that a small chunk of text is easier to digest than a large wall of text.
 
 
 TLDR以其最简单的形式表示一则数字文本(文章，电子邮件等)太长，不值得阅读。 一个孤独的“ TLDR？” 未经任何解释可能是故意的粗鲁或有趣的评论。 不过，在大多数情况下，这只是一个机智的承认，一小段文字比一长段文字更容易消化。 
 
 
That said, you’ll rarely see a lone “TLDR” in the comments for a web article (or anywhere, really). People tend to accompany their TLDR with a summary of what’s being discussed. At the bottom of a lengthy article on football, for example, you might find a comment that says “TLDR: the Patriots will win the next Super Bowl.”
 
 
 就是说，您很少会在网络文章的评论中(或实际上在任何地方)看到一个单独的“ TLDR”。 人们倾向于在其TLDR中附上所讨论内容的摘要。 例如，在一篇冗长的足球文章的底部，您可能会看到一条注释：“ TLDR：爱国者队将赢得下一个超级碗。” 
 
 
Along this same line, writers sometimes include a TLDR at the top or bottom of their web article, email, or text message. This is meant to be a summary of what the author is saying, and it’s a disclaimer that the details of a long text may not be worth every reader’s time. A ten paragraph product review for a crappy laptop, for example, could simply start with “TLDR: this laptop sucks.” That’s the quick summary, and you can read further for details.
 
 
 同样，作者有时在其网络文章，电子邮件或短信的顶部或底部包含TLDR。 这是对作者所说内容的总结，它是免责声明，长篇文章的细节可能不值得每个读者都花时间。 例如，对于一台笨拙的笔记本电脑进行的十段产品评论，可以简单地从“ TLDR：这台笔记本电脑很烂”开始。 这是快速摘要，您可以进一步阅读以获取详细信息。 
 
 
 TLDR的历史可以追溯到2000年代初 (TLDR Dates Back to the Early 2000s)
 
 
Like most internet slang, we don’t really know where the word TLDR came from. Our best guess is that the phrase originated from discussion boards like the Something Awful Forums and 4Chan during the early 2000s.
 
 
 像大多数互联网语一样，我们真的不知道TLDR这个词的来源。 最好的猜测是，该词组源自2000年代初期的论坛，如Something Awful Forums和4Chan。 
 
 
Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary (which accepted “TL;DR” as a word in 2018) claims that the word was first used in 2002, but provides no evidence to support its claim.
 
 
 《韦氏词典》(Merriam-Webster's Dictionary)(于2018年接受“ TL; DR”作为单词) 声称该单词于2002年首次使用，但没有提供证据支持其主张。 
 
 

  
  
 
 
As of right now, the earliest recorded use of TLDR (then spelled “TL;DR”) dates back to January of 2003, when it was added to Urban Dictionary. There are also some forum posts that contain the word “TL;DR” from later that same year.
 
 
 截至目前，最早记录的TLDR使用(当时拼写为“ TL; DR”)可追溯到2003年1月，当时将其添加到Urban Dictionary中 。 也有一些论坛帖子包含同年晚些时候的“ TL; DR”一词。 
 
 
Since 2004, Google searches for the term “TLDR” or “TL;DR” have slowly climbed. Sadly, Google Analytics started in January 2004, so we can’t look any further back than that. You can see that use of the word “TLDR” has far exceeded “TL;DR” since 2004, which is why we’ve dropped the semi-colon for most of this article.
 
 
 自2004年以来，Google搜索“ TLDR”或“ TL; DR”一词的人数逐渐增加。 遗憾的是，Google Analytics(分析)始于2004年1月，所以我们再回头看看。 您可以看到，自2004年以来，“ TLDR”一词的使用已远远超过了“ TL; DR”，这就是我们在本文大部分内容中都删除了分号的原因。 
 
 
 您如何使用TLDR？ (How Do You Use TLDR?)
 
 
Generally speaking, you should only use TLDR when summarizing a piece of text, whether you’re the author or commenter. Using the phrase TLDR without offering a useful summary for the content can come off as intentionally rude (but of course, that may be your intention).
 
 
 一般而言，无论您是作者还是评论者，都仅应在汇总文本时使用TLDR。 在不提供内容摘要的情况下使用TLDR短语可能会故意失误(但是，当然，这可能是您的意图)。 
 
 
When using TLDR as a commenter, your job is very simple. Provide a useful summary that other readers can understand or leave a snarky “TLDR” and come off as rude or childish.
 
 
 当使用TLDR作为评论者时，您的工作非常简单。 提供有用的摘要，其他读者可以理解或留下一个狡猾的“ TLDR”，并且粗鲁或幼稚。 
 
 

  
  
 
 
When using TLDR as an author, your job is a little more complicated. Placing a TLDR-summary at the beginning of an article or email can save the reader’s time or serve as a quick introduction, but it can also give the reader a reason to skip the details of your text.
 
 
 当使用TLDR作为作者时，您的工作要复杂一些。 在文章或电子邮件的开头放置TLDR摘要可以节省读者的时间或作为快速介绍，但也可以使读者有理由跳过文本的详细信息。 
 
 
A TLDR-summary at the end of a long text is sometimes more desirable, as it allows you to sum up all of the details that the reader is digesting. But in some situations, this use can feel a bit sarcastic. It’s as if the author is acknowledging that their own wall of text can adequately be understood in a single sentence.
 
 
 长文本结尾处的TLDR摘要有时更可取，因为它使您可以总结读者正在消化的所有详细信息。 但是在某些情况下，这种使用可能会有些讽刺。 好像作者承认他们自己的文字墙可以在一个句子中充分理解。 
 
 
As for professional or scholarly use, it just depends on the context. As a rule of thumb, don’t throw around TLDR anywhere you wouldn’t say LOL. But if you really want to use TLDR in a professional environment (it’s big among programmers, marketers, and writers), consider saying “TL;DR” instead. It looks fancier than the basic TLDR, and it’s accepted as a word by Webster’s Dictionary.
 
 
 至于专业用途还是学术用途，仅取决于上下文。 根据经验，不要在不会说LOL的地方乱扔TLDR。 但是，如果您真的想在专业环境中使用TLDR(在程序员，市场营销人员和作家中占很大比例)，请考虑改为使用“ TL; DR”。 它看起来比基本的TLDR还要奇特，并且被韦伯斯特词典(Webster's Dictionary)接受为单词。 
 
 
So, TLDR: TLDR is a useful way to summarize details and speed up communication. Use it when it feels right, and try to avoid sounding rude.
 
 
 因此，TLDR：TLDR是总结细节并加快沟通速度的有用方法。 感觉良好时使用它，并尽量避免听起来粗鲁。 
 
 
Sources: Know Your Meme, Merriam-Webster
 
 
 资料来源： 认识你的模因 ， Merriam-Webster 
 
 

  
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/435266/what-does-tldr-mean-and-how-do-you-use-it/
 
 
tldr 是什么

 

  
 
 
充电器兼容qi是什么意思
 

  
  
 
 
If you’ve taken the time to shop for a wireless charger, then you’ve probably bumped into the term “Qi-Certified.” But what the heck is Qi, and why should you use a Qi-Certified wireless charger?
 
 
 如果您花时间购买无线充电器 ，那么您可能会碰到“ Qi认证”一词。 但是Qi到底是什么，为什么要使用经过Qi认证的无线充电器？ 
 
 
 Qi只是无线充电标准 (Qi Is Just a Wireless Charging Standard)
 
 
Qi (pronounced “chee”) is a standard for wireless energy transmission. It’s a format that’s maintained by the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC), and it aims to standardize wireless charging across all devices in the same way that the USB or Bluetooth standards have standardized data transmission across all devices.
 
 
 Qi(发音为“ chee”)是无线能量传输的标准。 这种格式由无线电源联盟(WPC)维护，旨在以与USB或蓝牙标准在所有设备之间标准化的数据传输相同的方式来标准化所有设备上的无线充电。 
 
 
But why does wireless charging need to be standardized?
 
 
 但是，为什么需要对无线充电进行标准化？ 
 
 
Well, without a standard like Qi, wireless charging would be a serious pain in the ass. Imagine if every smartphone used its own unique cable instead of Micro-USB, USB-C, or Lightning. Without the Qi standard, that’s the nonsense that you’d have to deal with.
 
 
 好吧，如果没有Qi这样的标准，无线充电将是一个沉重的麻烦。 试想一下，如果每个智能手机都使用自己独特的电缆而不是Micro-USB，USB-C或Lightning。 没有Qi标准，这就是您必须处理的废话。 
 
 
We say “basically” because, technically speaking, it’s possible for unstandardized wireless chargers to work with unstandardized phones. But co-mingling power standards with unsupported devices is both ineffective and dangerous.
 
 
 我们之所以说“基本”，是因为从技术上讲，非标准的无线充电器可以与非标准的手机一起使用。 但是，将功率标准与不受支持的设备混合在一起既无效又危险。 
 
 
 Qi标准使事情变得安全而轻松 (The Qi Standard Keeps Things Safe and Easy)
 
 
Wireless chargers rely on magnetic induction or magnetic resonance to transmit energy (Qi uses both). It’s sort of like the magnetic field that surrounds the Earth. Your phone contains a coil that converts this magnetic energy into electrical energy, which then charges the battery. Simple, right?
 
 
 无线充电器依靠磁感应或磁共振来传输能量(Qi会同时使用)。 有点像环绕地球的磁场。 您的电话包含一个线圈，该线圈将磁能转换为电能，然后为电池充电。 简单吧？ 
 
 

  
  
 
 
That’s why it’s technically possible for unstandardized wireless chargers to work unstandardized receivers in phones. But let’s imagine a world without wireless charging standards. You’d run into three big problems:
 
 
 这就是为什么非标准的无线充电器在技术上可以在电话中的非标准接收器上工作的原因。 但是，让我们想象一个没有无线充电标准的世界。 您将遇到三个大问题： 
 
 
Overloading Phones: Smartphones have built-in voltage limiters that prevent wired overcharging. But wireless charging relies on a coil, like a coil on an electric stovetop. Without a wireless charging standard, a high powered wireless charger (say, 25 watts) could damage a low-powered wireless phone’s coil (which may have a limited range of 0-5 watts) along with its battery and other internals.
 手机过载：智能手机具有内置的电压限制器，可防止有线过度充电。 但是无线充电依赖于线圈，就像电炉灶上的线圈一样。 如果没有无线充电标准，高功率无线充电器(例如25瓦)可能会损坏低功率无线电话的线圈(可能具有0-5瓦的有限范围)及其电池和其他内部组件。 
Overheating: This is already a common problem for high-voltage (or cheap) wireless chargers. Without proper power management or ventilation, heat will build up and damage your phone. Enough heat can cause a battery to deteriorate, which can also lead to fires.
 过热：对于高压(或廉价)无线充电器，这已经是一个普遍的问题 。 如果没有适当的电源管理或通风，热量将会积聚并损坏手机。 热量过多会导致电池变质，还可能引起火灾。 
Heat Transfer to Nearby Objects: Without built-in Foreign Object Detection (FOD), a wireless charger may be inclined to push magnetic energy at things that aren’t phones, like pieces of metal or nearby objects. This can cause overheating, fires, or burns.
 热量到附近物体的传递：如果没有内置的异物检测(FOD)，无线充电器可能会倾向于将磁能推向不是手机的东西，例如金属碎片或附近的物体。 这可能会导致过热，火灾或燃烧。 
 
The Qi wireless charging standard effectively ensures that we’ll never run into these problems. When a phone or charger is Qi-Certified, it’s tested by the Wireless Power Consortium for safety, effectiveness, and compatibility. Qi-Certified devices must operate from 0-30 watts (the Qi standard can go up to 1 kilowatt, but not for phones), pass temperature tests, and comply with Qi FOD standards. They also need to be compatible with all other Qi-Certified devices (phones or chargers), the same way that all Micro-SD cards work with all Micro-SD ports.
 
 
 Qi无线充电标准有效地确保了我们永远不会遇到这些问题。 如果手机或充电器获得Qi认证，则将通过无线电源联盟的安全性，有效性和兼容性测试。 经Qi认证的设备必须在0到30瓦之间运行(Qi标准可以达到1千瓦，但不适用于电话)，必须通过温度测试，并符合Qi FOD标准。 它们还需要与所有其他经过Qi认证的设备(电话或充电器)兼容，就像所有Micro-SD卡可以与所有Micro-SD端口一起使用一样。 
 
 
 存在其他无线充电标准，这些标准已死 (Other Wireless Charging Standards Exist, and They’re Dead)
 
 

  
  
 
 
We’re talking about Qi as if it’s the only standard for wireless charging. That’s because, while there are other wireless charging standards, they aren’t really relevant anymore.
 
 
 我们正在谈论Qi，好像它是无线充电的唯一标准。 这是因为，尽管还有其他无线充电标准，但它们实际上不再相关。 
 
 
Honestly, we’re okay with that. Different wireless charging standards don’t play nice together, so it’s better (at a consumer level) for all phones and wireless chargers to support a single format. But for the sake of knowledge and tech history, what are some of the other wireless charging standards?
 
 
 老实说，我们对此表示满意。 不同的无线充电标准不能同时发挥作用，因此(在消费者级别)所有电话和无线充电器最好支持单一格式。 但是出于知识和技术历史的原因，其他一些无线充电标准是什么？ 
 
 
Well, there’s Powermat (PMA), which uses magnetic induction to charge devices. Remember those funky charging mats from 2008 or 2009? Those were PMA wireless chargers. Samsung Galaxy phones (the S8, S9, and S10) still support the PMA standard (alongside Qi), but people complain that the S10 doesn’t work with all PMA chargers.
 
 
 好吧，有Powermat(PMA)，它使用磁感应为设备充电。 还记得2008年或2009年那些时髦的充电垫吗？ 那些是PMA无线充电器。 三星Galaxy手机(S8，S9和S10)仍支持PMA标准(以及Qi)，但人们抱怨 S10不能与所有PMA充电器一起使用。 
 
 
The other notable wireless charging standard is called AirFuel (formerly Rezence) which relies on magnetic resonance to charge devices. It’s supported by a handful of outdated devices that nobody cares about, including an iPhone 5s case.
 
 
 另一个值得注意的无线充电标准称为AirFuel (以前称为Rezence)，它依靠磁共振为设备充电。 包括iPhone 5s外壳在内的一些过时的设备 ，无人问津，都支持它。 
 
 
Should these alternative wireless charging standards get another shot at life? That’s like asking if it’s okay for another USB standard to come out. It might drive competition a little bit, but it would also make everything more complicated than it needs to be.
 
 
 这些替代性无线充电标准是否应该重新焕发生命？ 这就好比问问另一个USB标准是否可行。 它可能会稍微推动竞争，但也会使一切变得复杂。 
 
 
 Qi标准的未来 (The Future of the Qi Standard)
 
 
Wireless charging is a hot topic right now, and it’s hard to tell where things are going. The technology is still in its early stages, and while charging a phone on a plastic stand is nice and all, wireless charging has a lot of potential for future applications.
 
 
 无线充电现在是一个热门话题，很难说清事情的发展方向。 这项技术仍处于早期阶段，虽然可以在塑料支架上为手机充电非常好，但无线充电在未来的应用中仍具有很大的潜力。 
 
 
Just don’t expect a wirelessly charged car anytime soon.  As of right now, the WPC seems to be laser focused on… kitchen appliances and power tools. Hey, don’t judge, we all have to start somewhere, right?
 
 
 只是不要期望很快就会有无线充电的汽车。 截至目前，WPC似乎专注于…… 厨房用具和电动工具 。 嘿，不要判断，我们都必须从某个地方开始，对吧？ 
 
 

  
  
 
 
The name of the game here is efficiency and convenience. There’s no point in selling a wireless charger if it wastes power, charges significantly slower than wired solutions, or is too inconvenient for regular use. Right now, the Qi standard can support up to 1 kilowatt of power transfer. By focusing on kitchen appliances and power tools, the WPC will hopefully find a way to perfect wireless kilowatt power transfer, while also figuring out how to build integrated wireless chargers (in counter tops, under carpeting, etc.).
 
 
 这里的游戏名称是效率和便利性。 如果无线充电器浪费功率，充电速度明显慢于有线解决方案，或者对于常规使用而言非常不便，那么出售无线充电器毫无意义。 目前，Qi标准可以支持高达1千瓦的功率传输。 通过专注于厨房用具和电动工具，WPC有望找到一种完善无线千瓦功率传输的方法，同时还可以弄清楚如何构建集成的无线充电器(在桌面，地毯下等)。 
 
 
 不要购买未经认证的无线充电器 (Don’t Buy Un-Certified Wireless Chargers)
 
 
If a wireless charger isn’t Qi-Certified, then you should avoid buying it or using it. Qi-Certified chargers from Anker, CHOETECH, and Yootech are already incredibly cheap, and they come with the guarantee that your phone won’t overheat or become damaged while wirelessly charging.
 
 
 如果无线充电器未经Qi认证，则应避免购买或使用它。 来自Anker ， CHOETECH和Yootech的经过Qi认证的充电器已经非常便宜，并且它们提供了保证，在无线充电时您的手机不会过热或损坏。 
 
 
If you want to buy an older PMA or AirFuel charger (for whatever reason) make sure that your device complies to their charging standards first. Or, you could just drop $12 on a Qi-Certified charger from CHOETECH.
 
 
 如果您想购买旧的PMA或AirFuel充电器(无论出于何种原因)，请确保您的设备首先符合其充电标准。 或者，您也可以在CHOETECH的经过Qi认证的充电器上花费12美元。 
 
 
Sources: Wireless Power Consortium, MakeZens, Wikipedia
 
 
 资料来源： 无线电源联盟 ， MakeZens ， Wikipedia 
 
 

  
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/425885/what-is-a-qi-certified-wireless-charger/
 
 
充电器兼容qi是什么意思

机器人路径规划_蚁群算法
 
 
原理
 
 
蚁群算法是模拟自然界中蚂蚁的觅食行为而形成的一种群体智能化算法。蚂蚁个体之间信息的传递是通过一种称为信息素的化学物质进行的。蚂蚁在寻找食物的过程中会释放一定量的信息素，并且蚂蚁在寻找食物的过程中会感知到信息素强度，并以此指导自己下一步的移动方向。当一条路径上信息素浓度越高就表明该路径上通过的蚂蚁的个数也就越多，其它蚂蚁选择该路径的可能性也就越大。
 
蚂蚁在寻找食物的过程中主要按照所处环境中的信息量来决定其前进的方向，因此可以把觅食过程抽象成算法中解的寻优过程，将信息素抽象为存在于图的边上的轨迹。用任意两个节点分别表示蚂蚁的起始点和终点，人工蚂蚁从起点按照一定状态转移概率选择下一个节点，依次类推，最终选择移动到终点上，这样便得到了所求问题的一个可行解。蚂蚁总是在所经过的路径上留下称之为信息素的物质，而信息素也会随着时间的推移而逐渐的挥发。一般在计算机中实现时采取的做法是：当蚂蚁完成从一个节点到下一个节点的移动后，进行一次信息素的挥发，而这种在离散时间点进行信息素挥发的形式与蚂蚁寻找食物过程的原理是一致的。
 
在决定蚂蚁在行走方向的状态转移概率时，引入了一个随机搜索的过程，引入了启发因子，在根据所求问题空间的具体特点，给蚁群算法一个初始的引导，这个过程极大的增加了算法的时间有效性，从而使蚁群算法的有效应用成为可能。我们经常用表示信息启发式因子，它反映了蚂蚁在移动过程中所累积的信息素在蚂蚁移动时所起的作用，值越大，则表示该蚂蚁越倾向于选择其他蚂蚁走过的路径，表明蚂蚁之间协作性越强。用表示期望启发式因子，它反映了蚂蚁在移动过程中启发信息在蚂蚁选择路径中的受重视程度， 值越大，则该状态转移概率越接近于贪婪规则。
 
优点
 
正反馈、分布式计算、具有较强的通用性和鲁棒性。适合在图上搜索路径问题。
 
缺点
 
计算开销稍大