SQL Server 2014 导出数据字典

系统：Win10
数据库：SQL Server 2014

需求描述

SQL Server 2014 需要导出 repair_system 数据库的数据字典

操作步骤

1. 打开 SQL Server 2014 Management Studio
2. 新建查询
3. 选择 repair_system（根据需求选择自己的数据库）数据库
4. 执行下面的 SQL 语句
5. 可以看到该数据库下的表单及字段的详细信息都已经查询出来了

--快速查看数据库的表结构
SELECT  CASE WHEN col.colorder = 1 THEN obj.name
                  ELSE ''
             END AS 表名,
        col.colorder AS 序号 ,
        col.name AS 列名 ,
        ISNULL(ep.[value], '') AS 列说明 ,
        t.name AS 数据类型 ,
        col.length AS 长度 ,
        ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小数位数 ,
        CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√'
             ELSE ''
        END AS 标识 ,
        CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT   1
                           FROM     dbo.sysindexes si
                                    INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id
                                                              AND si.indid = sik.indid
                                    INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id
                                                              AND sc.colid = sik.colid
                                    INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name
                                                              AND so.xtype = 'PK'
                           WHERE    sc.id = col.id
                                    AND sc.colid = col.colid ) THEN '√'
             ELSE ''
        END AS 主键 ,
        CASE WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN '√'
             ELSE ''
        END AS 允许空 ,
        ISNULL(comm.text, '') AS 默认值
FROM    dbo.syscolumns col
        LEFT  JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
        inner JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id
                                         AND obj.xtype = 'U'
                                         AND obj.status >= 0
        LEFT  JOIN dbo.syscomments comm ON col.cdefault = comm.id
        LEFT  JOIN sys.extended_properties ep ON col.id = ep.major_id
                                                      AND col.colid = ep.minor_id
                                                      AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
        LEFT  JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id
                                                         AND epTwo.minor_id = 0
                                                         AND epTwo.name = 'MS_Description';

如果只需要列出单独一个表的表结构，只需要在最后面加一个条件语句即可

--快速查看固定表的表结构
SELECT  CASE WHEN col.colorder = 1 THEN obj.name
                  ELSE ''
             END AS 表名,
        col.colorder AS 序号 ,
        col.name AS 列名 ,
        ISNULL(ep.[value], '') AS 列说明 ,
        t.name AS 数据类型 ,
        col.length AS 长度 ,
        ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小数位数 ,
        CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√'
             ELSE ''
        END AS 标识 ,
        CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT   1
                           FROM     dbo.sysindexes si
                                    INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id
                                                              AND si.indid = sik.indid
                                    INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id
                                                              AND sc.colid = sik.colid
                                    INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name
                                                              AND so.xtype = 'PK'
                           WHERE    sc.id = col.id
                                    AND sc.colid = col.colid ) THEN '√'
             ELSE ''
        END AS 主键 ,
        CASE WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN '√'
             ELSE ''
        END AS 允许空 ,
        ISNULL(comm.text, '') AS 默认值
FROM    dbo.syscolumns col
        LEFT  JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
        inner JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id
                                         AND obj.xtype = 'U'
                                         AND obj.status >= 0
        LEFT  JOIN dbo.syscomments comm ON col.cdefault = comm.id
        LEFT  JOIN sys.extended_properties ep ON col.id = ep.major_id
                                                      AND col.colid = ep.minor_id
                                                      AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
        LEFT  JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id
                                                         AND epTwo.minor_id = 0
                                                         AND epTwo.name = 'MS_Description'
WHERE obj.name = 'order' --表名 ;