Mysql审计日志

1、下载mariadb-5.5.56-linux-x86_64.tar.gz解压获取server_audit.so插件

下载链接：https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb-galera/5.5.56/#file_type=source

2、登录MySQL，执行命令获取MySQL的plugin目录

mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'plugin_dir';
+---------------+--------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------+
| plugin_dir | /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/ |
+---------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

3、将server_audit.so上传到 /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/下

4、在命令下安装server_audit.so

mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN server_audit SONAME 'server_audit.so';

5、查看变量开启设置情况，默认貌似都是关闭的

mysql> show variables like '%audit%';

6、编辑my.cnf,添加配置

/etc/my.cnf

server_audit_events='CONNECT,QUERY,TABLE,QUERY_DDL,QUERY_DML,QUERY_DCL'
备注：指定哪些操作被记录到日志文件中
server_audit_logging=on
server_audit_file_path =/data/mysql/auditlogs/
备注：审计日志存放路径，该路径下会生成一个server_audit.log文件，就会记录相关操作记录了
server_audit_file_rotate_size=200000000
server_audit_file_rotations=200
server_audit_file_rotate_now=ON

注意：server_audit_file_path =/data/mysql/auditlogs/的目录需要开启权限 chmod 777 /data/mysql/auditlogs/ ，并且要关闭SElinux，否则无法生成日志。

7、重启服务，service mysqld restart

登录MySQL后发现，在MySQL环境下执行的任何命令都被记录到/data/mysql/auditlogs/server_audit.log，如果日志文件达到指定的大小，会自动切割

mysql> show variables like '%audit%';

日志为：
20170516 23:21:23,salt-master,audit_log_user,localhost,4,19,QUERY,‘show variables like ‘%audit%’’,0

8、参数说明：

详细请参考：https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/server_audit-system-variables/

server_audit_output_type：指定日志输出类型，可为SYSLOG或FILE
server_audit_logging：启动或关闭审计
server_audit_events：指定记录事件的类型，可以用逗号分隔的多个值(connect,query,table)，如果开启了查询缓存(query cache)，查询直接从查询缓存返回数据，将没有table记录
server_audit_file_path：如server_audit_output_type为FILE，使用该变量设置存储日志的文件，可以指定目录，默认存放在数据目录的server_audit.log文件中
server_audit_file_rotate_size：限制日志文件的大小
server_audit_file_rotations：指定日志文件的数量，如果为0日志将从不轮转
server_audit_file_rotate_now：强制日志文件轮转
server_audit_incl_users：指定哪些用户的活动将记录，connect将不受此变量影响，该变量比server_audit_excl_users优先级高
server_audit_syslog_facility：默认为LOG_USER，指定facility
server_audit_syslog_ident：设置ident，作为每个syslog记录的一部分
server_audit_syslog_info：指定的info字符串将添加到syslog记录
server_audit_syslog_priority：定义记录日志的syslogd priority
server_audit_excl_users：该列表的用户行为将不记录，connect将不受该设置影响
server_audit_mode：标识版本，用于开发测试

9、卸载server_audit

mysql> UNINSTALL PLUGIN server_audit;
mysql> show variables like '%audit%';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

防止server_audit 插件被卸载，需要在配置文件中添加:

[mysqld]
server_audit=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT

重启MySQL生效

值得注意的是，应该在server_audit插件被安装好，并且已经运行之后添加这些配置，否则过早在配置文件添加这个选项，会导致MySQL发生启动错误！

mysql> UNINSTALL PLUGIN server_audit;
ERROR 1702 (HY000): Plugin 'server_audit' is force_plus_permanent and can not be unloaded

数据库审计能够实时记录网络上的数据库活动，对数据库操作进行细粒度审计的合规性管理，对数据库遭受到的风险行为进行警告，对攻击行为进行阻断。它通过对用户访问数据库行为的记录、分析和汇报，用来帮助用户时候生成合规报告、事故追根溯源，同时加强内外部数据库网络行为记录，提高数据资产安全。

MySQL官网的收费组件需要购买企业版才可以使用审计功能。下面利用第三方开源审计插件 libaudit_plugin.so 在 MySQL 5.7 上完成审计工作。

下载地址 https://bintray.com/mcafee/mysql-audit-plugin/release/1.1.4-725#files

解压插件包

# unzip audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725.zip

将解压好的插件复制到 MySQL 的插件目录下

# cd audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/lib/

# cp libaudit_plugin.so /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/

安装插件

root@localhost 18:18: [(none)]> install plugin audit soname 'libaudit_plugin.so';

查看插件功能是否开启

root@localhost 18:19: [(none)]> show variables like '%audit_json_file%';
+-------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name           | Value |
+-------------------------+-------+
| audit_json_file         | OFF   |
| audit_json_file_bufsize | 1     |
| audit_json_file_flush   | OFF   |
| audit_json_file_retry   | 60    |
| audit_json_file_sync    | 0     |
+-------------------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

开启插件功能

root@localhost 18:20: [(none)]> set global audit_json_file = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

root@localhost 18:20: [(none)]> show variables like '%audit_json_file%';
+-------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name           | Value |
+-------------------------+-------+
| audit_json_file         | ON    |
| audit_json_file_bufsize | 1     |
| audit_json_file_flush   | OFF   |
| audit_json_file_retry   | 60    |
| audit_json_file_sync    | 0     |
+-------------------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OK，现在在 MySQL 目录下会多出一个审计日志

# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-audit.json

查看 mysql-audit.json 文件，可以找到操作SQL语句的用户名、主机地址。这可以让在数据库上做了坏事又不认账的人无法赖账，起到了对操作数据库很好的监控效果。

比如现在有一个家伙，对 scott 库下的 emp 表，做了 select * from emp; 的操作，现在来看下审计日志中的记录。

# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-audit.json
{"msg-type":"activity","date":"1537352639624","thread-id":"3","query-id":"20","user":"root","priv_user":"root","ip":"","host":"localhost","connect_attrs":{"_os":"Linux","_client_name":"libmysql","_pid":"2201","_client_version":"5.7.18","_platform":"x86_64","program_name":"mysql"},"pid":"2201","os_user":"root","appname":"mysql","rows":"1","cmd":"select","query":"SELECT DATABASE()"}
{"msg-type":"activity","date":"1537352639624","thread-id":"3","query-id":"21","user":"root","priv_user":"root","ip":"","host":"localhost","connect_attrs":{"_os":"Linux","_client_name":"libmysql","_pid":"2201","_client_version":"5.7.18","_platform":"x86_64","program_name":"mysql"},"pid":"2201","os_user":"root","appname":"mysql","rows":"1","cmd":"Init DB","objects":[{"db":"scott","obj_type":"DATABASE"}],"query":"Init DB"}
{"msg-type":"activity","date":"1537352640539","thread-id":"3","query-id":"22","user":"root","priv_user":"root","ip":"","host":"localhost","connect_attrs":{"_os":"Linux","_client_name":"libmysql","_pid":"2201","_client_version":"5.7.18","_platform":"x86_64","program_name":"mysql"},"pid":"2201","os_user":"root","appname":"mysql","rows":"14","cmd":"select","objects":[{"db":"scott","name":"emp","obj_type":"TABLE"}],"query":"select * from emp"}

#################################################
cat >>/home/backup_audit_log.sh<<EOF
#!bin/bash
#author conan
#read -p "Please input remote server: " server
read -p "Please input mysql user: " user
read -sp "Please input mysql user’s password: " password
read -p "Please input mysql databasename: " dbname
read -p "Please input mysql old_tablename will be delete: " old_table
read -p "Please input mysql new_tablename will be create: " new_table
############# get current time
current=date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
timeStamp=date -d "$current" +%s
currentTimeStamp=$((timeStamp*1000+date "+%N"/1000000))
#echo $currentTimeStamp
############# get 180day before
backtime=expr $currentTimeStamp - 15465600000
#echo $backtime
##############
#mysql -h $server-u$user -p$password-e";"mysql-u$user -p$password -e “use $dbname;
create table if not exists $new_table like old_table;
insert into $ne{w}_{t}ableselect\ast fromol{d}_{t}ablewherelogTime<$backtime;
delete from old_table where logTime<$backtime;”
EOF
sudo chmod 777 /home/backup_audit_log.sh
#################################
sudo echo “0 0 * * * sh /home/backup_audit_log.sh” >> /etc/crontab
############ redhat/centos 7
sudo systemctl restart crond.service &> /dev/null
############ redhat/centos 6
sudo service crond restart &> /dev/null