精华内容
下载资源
问答
我要提问
  • Linux设置开机自启动的方法【linux学习教程】
    千次阅读
    2021-05-14 18:35:34

    Linux配置开机自启动执行脚本的方法有很多，这里分享两种方法，分别是修改/etc/rc.local方法和chkconfig管理设置的方法，均可实现Linux配置开机自启动执行脚本的功能！

    **设置test.sh为开机要启动的脚本**

    [root@oldboy scripts]# vim /server/scripts/test.sh

    [root@oldboy scripts]# cat /server/scripts/ test.sh

    #!/bin/bash

    /bin/echo $(/bin/date +%F_%T) >> /tmp/ test.log

    **方法一：修改/etc/rc.local**

    [root@oldboy ~]# ll /etc/rc.local

    lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 30 10:50 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local

    **修改/etc/rc.local文件**

    [root@oldboy scripts]# tail -n 1 /etc/rc.local

    /bin/bash /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>/dev/null

    **重启系统，查看结果**

    [root@oldboy ~]# cat /tmp/test.log

    2018-03-30_12:00:10

    **方法二：chkconfig管理**

    **删除掉方法一的配置**

    [root@oldboy ~]# vim /etc/init.d/test

    #!/bin/bash

    # chkconfig: 3 88 88

    /bin/bash /server/scripts/test.sh >/dev/null 2>/dev/null

    [root@oldboy ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/test

    **添加到chkconfig，开机自启动**

    [root@oldboy ~]# chkconfig --add test

    [root@oldboy ~]# chkconfig --list test

    test 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:off5:off6:off

    **重启系统，查看结果**

    [root@oldboy ~]# cat /tmp/test.log

    2018-03-30_12:00:10

    2018-03-30_12:33:20

    **操作成功**

    **关闭开机启动**

    [root@oldboy ~]# chkconfig test off

    [root@oldboy ~]# chkconfig --list test

    test 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off

    **从chkconfig管理中删除test**

    [root@oldboy ~]# chkconfig --list test

    test 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off

    [root@oldboy ~]# chkconfig --del test

    [root@oldboy ~]# chkconfig --list test

    service test supports chkconfig, but is not referenced in any runlevel (run 'chkconfig --add test')

    有疑问加站长微信联系(非本文作者)

    更多相关内容

  • Linux开机自启动目录

     千次阅读 2017-01-24 10:40:28
    开机启动脚本是存放在 /etc/rc.d/rcX.d 目录中的，这里的X是runlevel，就是linux的运行级别，可以看到有rc0~rc6，共7种级别： 运行级别0：系统停机状态，系统默认运行级别不能设为0，否则不能正常启动 运行级别1：...

    1、开机启动脚本

    开机启动脚本是存放在 /etc/rc.d/rcX.d 目录中的，这里的X是runlevel，就是linux的运行级别，可以看到有rc0~rc6，共7种级别：

    运行级别0：系统停机状态，系统默认运行级别不能设为0，否则不能正常启动
    运行级别1：单用户工作状态，root权限，用于系统维护，禁止远程登陆
    运行级别2：多用户状态(没有NFS)
    运行级别3：完全的多用户状态(有NFS)，登陆后进入控制台命令行模式
    运行级别4：系统未使用，保留
    运行级别5：X11控制台，登陆后进入图形GUI模式
    运行级别6：系统正常关闭并重启，默认运行级别不能设为6，否则不能正常启动

    [root@wc1 Desktop]# pwd
/root/Desktop
[root@wc1 Desktop]# cd /etc/rc.d

[root@wc1 rc.d]# ls -l
total 60
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Aug 16 14:58 init.d
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2617 Oct 16  2014 rc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc0.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc1.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc2.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc3.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc4.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc5.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc6.d
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   220 Oct 16  2014 rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19914 Oct 16  2014 rc.sysinit


    这里切换到rc3.d目录下，也就是完全的多用户模式：

    [root@wc1 rc.d]# cd rc3.d
[root@wc1 rc3.d]# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug  4 21:08 K01smartd -> ../init.d/smartd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:06 K02oddjobd -> ../init.d/oddjobd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:09 K05wdaemon -> ../init.d/wdaemon
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug  4 21:08 K10psacct -> ../init.d/psacct
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:06 K10saslauthd -> ../init.d/saslauthd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug  4 21:06 K15htcacheclean -> ../init.d/htcacheclean
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug  4 21:06 K15httpd -> ../init.d/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Aug  4 21:08 K30spice-vdagentd -> ../init.d/spice-vdagentd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:06 K50dnsmasq -> ../init.d/dnsmasq
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug  4 21:05 K50netconsole -> ../init.d/netconsole
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug  4 21:06 K50snmpd -> ../init.d/snmpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:06 K50snmptrapd -> ../init.d/snmptrapd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug  4 21:05 K60nfs -> ../init.d/nfs
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug  4 21:05 K69rpcsvcgssd -> ../init.d/rpcsvcgssd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:05 K73winbind -> ../init.d/winbind
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug  4 13:47 K74ntpd -> ../init.d/ntpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:06 K75ntpdate -> ../init.d/ntpdate
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:08 K75quota_nld -> ../init.d/quota_nld
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug  4 21:06 K76ypbind -> ../init.d/ypbind
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug  4 13:47 K80kdump -> ../init.d/kdump
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Aug 16 15:35 K84wpa_supplicant -> ../init.d/wpa_supplicant
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Aug  4 21:05 K87restorecond -> ../init.d/restorecond
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug 16 15:35 K88sssd -> ../init.d/sssd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug  4 21:05 K89rdisc -> ../init.d/rdisc
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 13:47 K95firstboot -> ../init.d/firstboot
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug  4 21:08 K99rngd -> ../init.d/rngd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:07 S01sysstat -> ../init.d/sysstat
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug  4 21:07 S02lvm2-monitor -> ../init.d/lvm2-monitor
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug 16 14:59 S03vmware-tools -> ../init.d/vmware-tools
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:06 S08ip6tables -> ../init.d/ip6tables
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Aug  4 21:05 S08iptables -> ../init.d/iptables
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:05 S10network -> ../init.d/network
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug  4 21:08 S11auditd -> ../init.d/auditd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Aug  4 21:02 S11portreserve -> ../init.d/portreserve
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:06 S12rsyslog -> ../init.d/rsyslog
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Aug  4 21:08 S13cpuspeed -> ../init.d/cpuspeed
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug  4 21:06 S13irqbalance -> ../init.d/irqbalance
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:03 S13rpcbind -> ../init.d/rpcbind
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:05 S15mdmonitor -> ../init.d/mdmonitor
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug  4 21:02 S22messagebus -> ../init.d/messagebus
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Aug  4 21:06 S23NetworkManager -> ../init.d/NetworkManager
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 16 15:35 S24nfslock -> ../init.d/nfslock
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 16 15:35 S24rpcgssd -> ../init.d/rpcgssd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Aug  4 21:07 S25blk-availability -> ../init.d/blk-availability
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug  4 21:05 S25cups -> ../init.d/cups
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug  4 21:05 S25netfs -> ../init.d/netfs
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug  4 21:08 S26acpid -> ../init.d/acpid
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:05 S26haldaemon -> ../init.d/haldaemon
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:05 S26udev-post -> ../init.d/udev-post
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug  4 21:06 S28autofs -> ../init.d/autofs
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:06 S50bluetooth -> ../init.d/bluetooth
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug  4 21:07 S55sshd -> ../init.d/sshd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Aug 16 14:59 S57vmware-tools-thinprint -> ../init.d/vmware-tools-thinprint
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 16 15:35 S64mysql -> ../init.d/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug  4 21:06 S80postfix -> ../init.d/postfix
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug  4 21:03 S82abrt-ccpp -> ../init.d/abrt-ccpp
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug  4 21:03 S82abrtd -> ../init.d/abrtd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug  4 21:06 S90crond -> ../init.d/crond
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug  4 21:03 S95atd -> ../init.d/atd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug  4 21:06 S99certmonger -> ../init.d/certmonger
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Aug  4 21:05 S99local -> ../rc.local

    发现有很多K、S开头的后面跟着2位数字的文件，比如：K15httpd，K表示关闭，而15是指关闭的 优先级，也就是linux内核会按照系统预先设置好的runlevel，比如设置为3，那么就读取/etc/rc.d/rc3.d这个目录中的文件，然后按照先执行K开头，后执行S开头，并且从数字较小的开始执行，比如这里K15httpd，也就是排在第7个开始执行。

    而且可以看到 K15httpd -> ../init.d/httpd ，也就是说 K15httpd是一个连接文件，连接到了相对于当前目录的上层目录下面的init.d/httpd，也就是目录/etc/rc.d/init.d ：

    [root@wc1 rc3.d]# ls -l /etc/rc.d/init.d
total 408
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1288 Oct 16  2014 abrt-ccpp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1628 Oct 16  2014 abrtd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1642 Oct 16  2014 abrt-oops
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1725 Aug 19  2010 acpid
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2062 Jan 30  2012 atd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3580 Oct 15  2014 auditd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4043 Oct 16  2014 autofs
-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root  1340 Oct 16  2014 blk-availability
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   710 Nov 11  2010 bluetooth
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2094 Oct 16  2014 certmonger
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11355 Aug 13  2013 cpuspeed
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2826 Nov 23  2013 crond
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3034 Oct 15  2014 cups
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1734 Jun 16  2014 dnsmasq
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3245 Jul  9  2013 firstboot
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19295 Jul 22  2014 functions
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1801 Oct 15  2014 haldaemon
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5866 Jul 22  2014 halt
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2001 Oct 16  2014 htcacheclean
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3371 Oct 16  2014 httpd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10804 Oct 15  2014 ip6tables
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10688 Oct 15  2014 iptables
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1938 Jun  2  2014 irqbalance
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19476 Oct 16  2014 kdump
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   652 Jul 22  2014 killall
-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root  2134 Oct 16  2014 lvm2-lvmetad
-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root  2757 Oct 16  2014 lvm2-monitor
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2571 Sep  5  2014 mdmonitor
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2200 Sep 14  2012 messagebus
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10815 Jul  3  2013 mysql
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2989 Jul 22  2014 netconsole
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6064 Jul 22  2014 netfs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6334 Jul 22  2014 network
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2205 Oct 15  2014 NetworkManager
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6878 Oct 16  2014 nfs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3526 Oct 16  2014 nfslock
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1923 Jul 15  2013 ntpd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2043 Jul 15  2013 ntpdate
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2261 Jun 25  2011 oddjobd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2023 Apr  3  2012 portreserve
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3912 Feb 20  2014 postfix
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1556 Jul 17  2012 psacct
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2034 Mar  5  2014 quota_nld
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1513 Sep 17  2013 rdisc
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1822 Oct 16  2014 restorecond
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1808 Dec 18  2011 rngd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2073 Feb 22  2013 rpcbind
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2518 Oct 16  2014 rpcgssd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2305 Oct 16  2014 rpcidmapd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2464 Oct 16  2014 rpcsvcgssd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2011 Aug 15  2013 rsyslog
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1698 Oct 16  2014 sandbox
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2056 Jun 23  2014 saslauthd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   647 Jul 22  2014 single
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3002 Feb 22  2013 smartd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2162 Sep 15  2014 snmpd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1738 Sep 15  2014 snmptrapd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2472 Oct 15  2014 spice-vdagentd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4621 Oct 15  2014 sshd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2690 Oct 16  2014 sssd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1144 Oct 16  2014 sysstat
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2294 Oct 16  2014 udev-post
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38525 Aug 16 14:58 vmware-tools
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15208 Aug 16 14:58 vmware-tools-thinprint
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1674 Feb 22  2013 wdaemon
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1608 Oct 15  2014 winbind
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1866 Feb  4  2013 wpa_supplicant
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4799 Feb 22  2013 ypbind
[root@wc1 rc3.d]#

    再来看一下/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd文件的内容：

    [root@wc1 rc3.d]# cat /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible  \
#	       server implementing the current HTTP standards.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: httpd
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start: distcache
# Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server
# Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server 
#  implementing the current HTTP standards.
### END INIT INFO

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
        . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/sbin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/sbin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}

# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure.  So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
        return $RETVAL
}

# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
stop() {
	echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
	killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
	RETVAL=$?
	echo
	[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
        RETVAL=6
        echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
        failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
    else
        # Force LSB behaviour from killproc
        LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
            failure $"httpd shutdown"
        fi
    fi
    echo
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
	start
	;;
  stop)
	stop
	;;
  status)
        status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
	RETVAL=$?
	;;
  restart)
	stop
	start
	;;
  condrestart|try-restart)
	if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
		stop
		start
	fi
	;;
  force-reload|reload)
        reload
	;;
  graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
	$apachectl $@
	RETVAL=$?
	;;
  *)
	echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
	RETVAL=2
esac

exit $RETVAL
[root@wc1 rc3.d]#

    2、另一个开机自启动目录

    这个目录就是：/etc/init.d，目录里也存放了开机自启动脚本。

    不过可以发现这个目录只不过是一个连接目录，实际上对应的就是/etc/rc.d/init.d，也就是上面讲到的目录，目录中的文件和/etc/rc.d/init.d 中的文件完全一致。

    [root@wc1 rc3.d]# ls -l /etc/init.d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Aug  4 21:02 /etc/init.d -> rc.d/init.d

[root@wc1 rc3.d]# ls -l /etc/init.d/
total 408
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1288 Oct 16  2014 abrt-ccpp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1628 Oct 16  2014 abrtd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1642 Oct 16  2014 abrt-oops
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1725 Aug 19  2010 acpid
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2062 Jan 30  2012 atd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3580 Oct 15  2014 auditd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4043 Oct 16  2014 autofs
-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root  1340 Oct 16  2014 blk-availability
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   710 Nov 11  2010 bluetooth
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2094 Oct 16  2014 certmonger
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11355 Aug 13  2013 cpuspeed
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2826 Nov 23  2013 crond
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3034 Oct 15  2014 cups
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1734 Jun 16  2014 dnsmasq
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3245 Jul  9  2013 firstboot
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19295 Jul 22  2014 functions
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1801 Oct 15  2014 haldaemon
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5866 Jul 22  2014 halt
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2001 Oct 16  2014 htcacheclean
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3371 Oct 16  2014 httpd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10804 Oct 15  2014 ip6tables
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10688 Oct 15  2014 iptables
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1938 Jun  2  2014 irqbalance
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19476 Oct 16  2014 kdump
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   652 Jul 22  2014 killall
-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root  2134 Oct 16  2014 lvm2-lvmetad
-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root  2757 Oct 16  2014 lvm2-monitor
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2571 Sep  5  2014 mdmonitor
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2200 Sep 14  2012 messagebus
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10815 Jul  3  2013 mysql
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2989 Jul 22  2014 netconsole
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6064 Jul 22  2014 netfs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6334 Jul 22  2014 network
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2205 Oct 15  2014 NetworkManager
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6878 Oct 16  2014 nfs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3526 Oct 16  2014 nfslock
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1923 Jul 15  2013 ntpd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2043 Jul 15  2013 ntpdate
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2261 Jun 25  2011 oddjobd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2023 Apr  3  2012 portreserve
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3912 Feb 20  2014 postfix
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1556 Jul 17  2012 psacct
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2034 Mar  5  2014 quota_nld
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1513 Sep 17  2013 rdisc
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1822 Oct 16  2014 restorecond
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1808 Dec 18  2011 rngd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2073 Feb 22  2013 rpcbind
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2518 Oct 16  2014 rpcgssd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2305 Oct 16  2014 rpcidmapd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2464 Oct 16  2014 rpcsvcgssd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2011 Aug 15  2013 rsyslog
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1698 Oct 16  2014 sandbox
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2056 Jun 23  2014 saslauthd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   647 Jul 22  2014 single
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3002 Feb 22  2013 smartd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2162 Sep 15  2014 snmpd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1738 Sep 15  2014 snmptrapd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2472 Oct 15  2014 spice-vdagentd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4621 Oct 15  2014 sshd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2690 Oct 16  2014 sssd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1144 Oct 16  2014 sysstat
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2294 Oct 16  2014 udev-post
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38525 Aug 16 14:58 vmware-tools
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15208 Aug 16 14:58 vmware-tools-thinprint
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1674 Feb 22  2013 wdaemon
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1608 Oct 15  2014 winbind
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1866 Feb  4  2013 wpa_supplicant
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4799 Feb 22  2013 ypbind


    3、总结

    /etc/rc.d/rcX.d 目录下面的文件是连接文件，连接到/etc/rc.d/init.d 目录下的文件，而/etc/init.d 目录就是链接目录，连接到 /etc/rc.d/init.d 目录。


    收起
    展开全文

  • linux设置服务开机自启动的三种方式

     2021-01-20 15:53:38
    这里介绍一下linux开机自动启动的几种方法，共计3种，大家可以借鉴一下！经验里面以centos 5.3系统为例！ 方法1：.利用ntsysv命令进行设置，利用root登陆 终端命令下输入ntsysv 回车；如下图 在这个界面上进行操作...
    收起

  • systemd（systemctl）编程Linux开机自启动服务脚本的方法（教程）

     2020-11-30 20:34:31
    systemd（systemctl）编程Linux开机自启动服务脚本的方法（教程） 过去Linux采用的是init.d的服务启动管理方式， 新版的Linux采用systemd服务启动管理方式， 请看教程讲解
    收起

  • Linux中 开机自启动目录

     千次阅读 2018-07-29 10:18:53
    开机启动脚本是存放在 /etc/rc.d/rcX.d 目录中的，这里的X是runlevel，就是linux的运行级别，可以看到有rc0~rc6，共7种级别： 运行级别0：系统停机状态，系统默认运行级别不能设为0，否则不能正常启动 运行级别1：...

    1、开机启动脚本

    开机启动脚本是存放在 /etc/rc.d/rcX.d 目录中的，这里的X是runlevel，就是linux的运行级别，可以看到有rc0~rc6，共7种级别：

    运行级别0：系统停机状态，系统默认运行级别不能设为0，否则不能正常启动
    运行级别1：单用户工作状态，root权限，用于系统维护，禁止远程登陆
    运行级别2：多用户状态(没有NFS)
    运行级别3：完全的多用户状态(有NFS)，登陆后进入控制台命令行模式
    运行级别4：系统未使用，保留
    运行级别5：X11控制台，登陆后进入图形GUI模式
    运行级别6：系统正常关闭并重启，默认运行级别不能设为6，否则不能正常启动

    [root@wc1 Desktop]# pwd

/root/Desktop

[root@wc1 Desktop]# cd /etc/rc.d


[root@wc1 rc.d]# ls -l

total 60

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 14:58 init.d

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2617 Oct 16 2014 rc

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc0.d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc1.d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc2.d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc3.d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc4.d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc5.d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 16 15:35 rc6.d

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 220 Oct 16 2014 rc.local

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19914 Oct 16 2014 rc.sysinit

     

    这里切换到rc3.d目录下，也就是完全的多用户模式：

    [root@wc1 rc.d]# cd rc3.d

[root@wc1 rc3.d]# ls -l

total 0

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug 4 21:08 K01smartd -> ../init.d/smartd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:06 K02oddjobd -> ../init.d/oddjobd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:09 K05wdaemon -> ../init.d/wdaemon

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug 4 21:08 K10psacct -> ../init.d/psacct

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:06 K10saslauthd -> ../init.d/saslauthd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug 4 21:06 K15htcacheclean -> ../init.d/htcacheclean

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 4 21:06 K15httpd -> ../init.d/httpd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Aug 4 21:08 K30spice-vdagentd -> ../init.d/spice-vdagentd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:06 K50dnsmasq -> ../init.d/dnsmasq

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug 4 21:05 K50netconsole -> ../init.d/netconsole

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 4 21:06 K50snmpd -> ../init.d/snmpd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:06 K50snmptrapd -> ../init.d/snmptrapd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug 4 21:05 K60nfs -> ../init.d/nfs

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug 4 21:05 K69rpcsvcgssd -> ../init.d/rpcsvcgssd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:05 K73winbind -> ../init.d/winbind

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug 4 13:47 K74ntpd -> ../init.d/ntpd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:06 K75ntpdate -> ../init.d/ntpdate

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:08 K75quota_nld -> ../init.d/quota_nld

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug 4 21:06 K76ypbind -> ../init.d/ypbind

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 4 13:47 K80kdump -> ../init.d/kdump

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Aug 16 15:35 K84wpa_supplicant -> ../init.d/wpa_supplicant

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Aug 4 21:05 K87restorecond -> ../init.d/restorecond

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug 16 15:35 K88sssd -> ../init.d/sssd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 4 21:05 K89rdisc -> ../init.d/rdisc

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 13:47 K95firstboot -> ../init.d/firstboot

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug 4 21:08 K99rngd -> ../init.d/rngd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:07 S01sysstat -> ../init.d/sysstat

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug 4 21:07 S02lvm2-monitor -> ../init.d/lvm2-monitor

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug 16 14:59 S03vmware-tools -> ../init.d/vmware-tools

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:06 S08ip6tables -> ../init.d/ip6tables

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Aug 4 21:05 S08iptables -> ../init.d/iptables

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:05 S10network -> ../init.d/network

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug 4 21:08 S11auditd -> ../init.d/auditd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Aug 4 21:02 S11portreserve -> ../init.d/portreserve

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:06 S12rsyslog -> ../init.d/rsyslog

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Aug 4 21:08 S13cpuspeed -> ../init.d/cpuspeed

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug 4 21:06 S13irqbalance -> ../init.d/irqbalance

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:03 S13rpcbind -> ../init.d/rpcbind

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:05 S15mdmonitor -> ../init.d/mdmonitor

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug 4 21:02 S22messagebus -> ../init.d/messagebus

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Aug 4 21:06 S23NetworkManager -> ../init.d/NetworkManager

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 16 15:35 S24nfslock -> ../init.d/nfslock

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 16 15:35 S24rpcgssd -> ../init.d/rpcgssd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Aug 4 21:07 S25blk-availability -> ../init.d/blk-availability

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug 4 21:05 S25cups -> ../init.d/cups

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 4 21:05 S25netfs -> ../init.d/netfs

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 4 21:08 S26acpid -> ../init.d/acpid

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:05 S26haldaemon -> ../init.d/haldaemon

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:05 S26udev-post -> ../init.d/udev-post

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Aug 4 21:06 S28autofs -> ../init.d/autofs

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:06 S50bluetooth -> ../init.d/bluetooth

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Aug 4 21:07 S55sshd -> ../init.d/sshd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Aug 16 14:59 S57vmware-tools-thinprint -> ../init.d/vmware-tools-thinprint

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 16 15:35 S64mysql -> ../init.d/mysql

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 4 21:06 S80postfix -> ../init.d/postfix

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Aug 4 21:03 S82abrt-ccpp -> ../init.d/abrt-ccpp

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 4 21:03 S82abrtd -> ../init.d/abrtd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 4 21:06 S90crond -> ../init.d/crond

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug 4 21:03 S95atd -> ../init.d/atd

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Aug 4 21:06 S99certmonger -> ../init.d/certmonger

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Aug 4 21:05 S99local -> ../rc.local

    发现有很多K、S开头的后面跟着2位数字的文件，比如：K15httpd，K表示关闭，而15是指关闭的 优先级，也就是linux内核会按照系统预先设置好的runlevel，比如设置为3，那么就读取/etc/rc.d/rc3.d这个目录中的文件，然后按照先执行K开头，后执行S开头，并且从数字较小的开始执行，比如这里K15httpd，也就是排在第7个开始执行。

    而且可以看到 K15httpd -> ../init.d/httpd ，也就是说 K15httpd是一个连接文件，连接到了相对于当前目录的上层目录下面的init.d/httpd，也就是目录/etc/rc.d/init.d ：

    [root@wc1 rc3.d]# ls -l /etc/rc.d/init.d

total 408

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1288 Oct 16 2014 abrt-ccpp

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1628 Oct 16 2014 abrtd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1642 Oct 16 2014 abrt-oops

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1725 Aug 19 2010 acpid

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2062 Jan 30 2012 atd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3580 Oct 15 2014 auditd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4043 Oct 16 2014 autofs

-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 1340 Oct 16 2014 blk-availability

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 710 Nov 11 2010 bluetooth

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2094 Oct 16 2014 certmonger

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11355 Aug 13 2013 cpuspeed

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2826 Nov 23 2013 crond

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3034 Oct 15 2014 cups

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1734 Jun 16 2014 dnsmasq

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3245 Jul 9 2013 firstboot

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19295 Jul 22 2014 functions

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1801 Oct 15 2014 haldaemon

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5866 Jul 22 2014 halt

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2001 Oct 16 2014 htcacheclean

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3371 Oct 16 2014 httpd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10804 Oct 15 2014 ip6tables

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10688 Oct 15 2014 iptables

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1938 Jun 2 2014 irqbalance

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19476 Oct 16 2014 kdump

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 652 Jul 22 2014 killall

-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 2134 Oct 16 2014 lvm2-lvmetad

-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 2757 Oct 16 2014 lvm2-monitor

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2571 Sep 5 2014 mdmonitor

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2200 Sep 14 2012 messagebus

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10815 Jul 3 2013 mysql

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2989 Jul 22 2014 netconsole

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6064 Jul 22 2014 netfs

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6334 Jul 22 2014 network

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2205 Oct 15 2014 NetworkManager

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6878 Oct 16 2014 nfs

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3526 Oct 16 2014 nfslock

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1923 Jul 15 2013 ntpd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2043 Jul 15 2013 ntpdate

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2261 Jun 25 2011 oddjobd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2023 Apr 3 2012 portreserve

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3912 Feb 20 2014 postfix

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1556 Jul 17 2012 psacct

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2034 Mar 5 2014 quota_nld

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1513 Sep 17 2013 rdisc

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1822 Oct 16 2014 restorecond

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1808 Dec 18 2011 rngd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2073 Feb 22 2013 rpcbind

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2518 Oct 16 2014 rpcgssd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2305 Oct 16 2014 rpcidmapd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2464 Oct 16 2014 rpcsvcgssd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2011 Aug 15 2013 rsyslog

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1698 Oct 16 2014 sandbox

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2056 Jun 23 2014 saslauthd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 647 Jul 22 2014 single

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3002 Feb 22 2013 smartd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2162 Sep 15 2014 snmpd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1738 Sep 15 2014 snmptrapd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2472 Oct 15 2014 spice-vdagentd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4621 Oct 15 2014 sshd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2690 Oct 16 2014 sssd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1144 Oct 16 2014 sysstat

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2294 Oct 16 2014 udev-post

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38525 Aug 16 14:58 vmware-tools

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15208 Aug 16 14:58 vmware-tools-thinprint

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1674 Feb 22 2013 wdaemon

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1608 Oct 15 2014 winbind

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1866 Feb 4 2013 wpa_supplicant

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4799 Feb 22 2013 ypbind

[root@wc1 rc3.d]#

     

    再来看一下/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd文件的内容：

     

    [root@wc1 rc3.d]# cat /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

#!/bin/bash

#

# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server

#

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible \

# server implementing the current HTTP standards.

# processname: httpd

# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid

#

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides: httpd

# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named

# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network

# Should-Start: distcache

# Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server

# Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server

# implementing the current HTTP standards.

### END INIT INFO


# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions


if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then

. /etc/sysconfig/httpd

fi


# Start httpd in the C locale by default.

HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}


# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if

# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.

INITLOG_ARGS=""


# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server

# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not

# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.


# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.

apachectl=/usr/sbin/apachectl

httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/sbin/httpd}

prog=httpd

pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd/httpd.pid}

lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}

RETVAL=0

STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}


# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does

# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown

# when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts

# are expected to behave here.

start() {

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}

return $RETVAL

}


# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required

# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the

# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}

}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then

RETVAL=6

echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"

failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"

else

# Force LSB behaviour from killproc

LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then

failure $"httpd shutdown"

fi

fi

echo

}


# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

status)

status -p ${pidfile} $httpd

RETVAL=$?

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

condrestart|try-restart)

if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then

stop

start

fi

;;

force-reload|reload)

reload

;;

graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)

$apachectl $@

RETVAL=$?

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"

RETVAL=2

esac


exit $RETVAL

[root@wc1 rc3.d]#

     

    2、另一个开机自启动目录

    这个目录就是：/etc/init.d，目录里也存放了开机自启动脚本。

    不过可以发现这个目录只不过是一个连接目录，实际上对应的就是/etc/rc.d/init.d，也就是上面讲到的目录，目录中的文件和/etc/rc.d/init.d 中的文件完全一致。

    [root@wc1 rc3.d]# ls -l /etc/init.d

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Aug 4 21:02 /etc/init.d -> rc.d/init.d


[root@wc1 rc3.d]# ls -l /etc/init.d/

total 408

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1288 Oct 16 2014 abrt-ccpp

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1628 Oct 16 2014 abrtd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1642 Oct 16 2014 abrt-oops

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1725 Aug 19 2010 acpid

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2062 Jan 30 2012 atd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3580 Oct 15 2014 auditd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4043 Oct 16 2014 autofs

-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 1340 Oct 16 2014 blk-availability

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 710 Nov 11 2010 bluetooth

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2094 Oct 16 2014 certmonger

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11355 Aug 13 2013 cpuspeed

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2826 Nov 23 2013 crond

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3034 Oct 15 2014 cups

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1734 Jun 16 2014 dnsmasq

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3245 Jul 9 2013 firstboot

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19295 Jul 22 2014 functions

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1801 Oct 15 2014 haldaemon

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5866 Jul 22 2014 halt

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2001 Oct 16 2014 htcacheclean

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3371 Oct 16 2014 httpd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10804 Oct 15 2014 ip6tables

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10688 Oct 15 2014 iptables

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1938 Jun 2 2014 irqbalance

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 19476 Oct 16 2014 kdump

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 652 Jul 22 2014 killall

-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 2134 Oct 16 2014 lvm2-lvmetad

-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 2757 Oct 16 2014 lvm2-monitor

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2571 Sep 5 2014 mdmonitor

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2200 Sep 14 2012 messagebus

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10815 Jul 3 2013 mysql

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2989 Jul 22 2014 netconsole

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6064 Jul 22 2014 netfs

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6334 Jul 22 2014 network

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2205 Oct 15 2014 NetworkManager

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6878 Oct 16 2014 nfs

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3526 Oct 16 2014 nfslock

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1923 Jul 15 2013 ntpd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2043 Jul 15 2013 ntpdate

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2261 Jun 25 2011 oddjobd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2023 Apr 3 2012 portreserve

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3912 Feb 20 2014 postfix

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1556 Jul 17 2012 psacct

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2034 Mar 5 2014 quota_nld

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1513 Sep 17 2013 rdisc

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1822 Oct 16 2014 restorecond

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1808 Dec 18 2011 rngd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2073 Feb 22 2013 rpcbind

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2518 Oct 16 2014 rpcgssd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2305 Oct 16 2014 rpcidmapd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2464 Oct 16 2014 rpcsvcgssd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2011 Aug 15 2013 rsyslog

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1698 Oct 16 2014 sandbox

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2056 Jun 23 2014 saslauthd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 647 Jul 22 2014 single

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3002 Feb 22 2013 smartd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2162 Sep 15 2014 snmpd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1738 Sep 15 2014 snmptrapd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2472 Oct 15 2014 spice-vdagentd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4621 Oct 15 2014 sshd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2690 Oct 16 2014 sssd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1144 Oct 16 2014 sysstat

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2294 Oct 16 2014 udev-post

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38525 Aug 16 14:58 vmware-tools

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15208 Aug 16 14:58 vmware-tools-thinprint

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1674 Feb 22 2013 wdaemon

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1608 Oct 15 2014 winbind

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1866 Feb 4 2013 wpa_supplicant

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4799 Feb 22 2013 ypbind

     

    3、总结

    /etc/rc.d/rcX.d 目录下面的文件是连接文件，连接到/etc/rc.d/init.d 目录下的文件，而/etc/init.d 目录就是链接目录，连接到 /etc/rc.d/init.d 目录。

     

    收起
    展开全文

  • 基于Qt的开机自启动(二)（Linux）

     2018-05-08 16:23:05
    基于Qt的开机自启，适用于Linux 环境下的程序自启动，易于重用
    收起

  • Linux下Redis设置密码及开机自启动

     2020-09-15 13:23:02
    主要介绍了Linux下Redis设置密码及开机自启动的相关资料,需要的朋友可以参考下
    收起

  • Linux设置tomcat开机自启动

     2016-12-27 15:22:08
    以上所有文档来源于ITIL先锋微信公众号 每天更新IT行业最前沿资讯和各种类别的IT资料，关注获取更多丰富内容
    收起
    tomcat

  • Linux jar包开机启动

     2020-06-01 09:17:51
    Linux jar包开机自启脚本 ，更改linux的jdk目录 更改jar包名即可，然后在rc.local添加此脚本位置
    收起

  • ARM Linux 程序开机自启动方法

     2015-05-28 23:01:53
    经常自己编写的应用程序，需要手动运行，本文档教你修改系统文件，让你的应用程序开机自启。
    收起

  • Linux配置开机自启动

     千次阅读 2021-05-16 13:45:00
    自定义脚本通过系统提供的自启动脚本(这种方式适合添加需要开机自启的应用程序，比如 redis、nginx 等等)Linux 系统提供了一个开机启动的脚本( /etc/rc.local 或 /etc/rc.d/rc.local 这两个文件实际上是一个文件)1...

    先了解一下Linux一些脚本启动的顺序

    /etc/rc.local -> /etc/profile -> 自定义脚本

    通过系统提供的自启动脚本

    (这种方式适合添加需要开机自启的应用程序，比如 redis、nginx 等等)

    Linux 系统提供了一个开机启动的脚本( /etc/rc.local 或 /etc/rc.d/rc.local  这两个文件实际上是一个文件)

    1、编辑 /etc/rc.local

    vi /etc/rc.local

    2、添加要执行的命令

    注意：这里的执行命令都必须是全路径的，就算你添加到了 PATH 路径，自启动的时候，也是识别不到的(因为启动顺序是 /etc/rc.local -> /etc/profile )

    例如，我这里添加的 redis 自启动:

    #!/bin/bash

    # THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES

    #

    # It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules

    # to run scripts during boot instead of using thisfile.

    #

    # In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot

    # this script will NOT be run after all other services.

    #

    #Please note that you must run'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local'to ensure

    # that this script will be executed during boot.touch /var/lock/subsys/local

    # redis 启动命令/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf

    TIPS：如何你是第一次使用该脚本文件，需要给脚本文件授权可执行，命令如下：

    chmod +x /etc/rc.local

    chmod 说明：

    + 表示增加权限、- 表示取消权限、= 表示唯一设定权限

    r 表示可读取，w 表示可写入，x 表示可执行

    通过 chkconfig 添加自定义的启动脚本

    (推荐用于linux开机自启动 java 程序)

    1、切换到 init.d 目录

    cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/

    2、创建一个自启动脚本，这里就创建一个名为 autostart.sh 的脚本吧(名字自取)

    touch autostart.sh //创建 autostart.sh 脚本文件

    a5a103bba4a3e1a3805082bd51b5e72e.png

    3、编辑脚本

    vi autostart.sh //打开autostart.sh,进行编辑

    4、编写脚本内容

    (注意：为了防止脚本执行时，/etc/profile 里 export 的路径未生效，需要手动 source 一下，使配置立即生效)

    #!/bin/sh#chkconfig:2345 80 90#description:开机自动启动的脚本程序

    # 防止在脚本运行的时候，没有加载 JDK 在/etc/profile 的PATH添加的路径配置if [ ${JAVA_HOME} == '']; then

    echo "source /etc/profile，使环境变量加载"source/etc/profilefi# 以下是脚本内容(自己根据需要进行编写)

    # 待启动的application 路径

    app_path_array=("/opt/eureka/"

    "/opt/admin/")for app_path in ${app_path_array[*]}; do# 这里，很重要，如果不切换到 jar 包的文件夹，那么下面脚本执行的路径就是根路径(/)，这会导致 springboot 读取不到 jar包下的 ./config/ 文件夹，而去读取根目录下的配置 /config 文件夹

    cd ${app_path}

    # 找到以后缀 .jar 结尾的文件

    APP_NAME=`find -name *.jar `

    # 启动

    nohup java-jar ${APP_NAME} &

    done

    脚本文件内容说明：

    第一行 “#!/bin/sh” 告诉系统使用的shell

    第二行 “#chkconfig: 2345 80 90” 表示在2/3/4/5运行级别启动，启动序号(S80)，关闭序号(K90)；

    第三行 “#description”　　表示的是服务的描述信息

    (注意：第一行和第二行必须写，否则后面使用 chkconfig 命令注册脚本到开机启动项时会报错 “服务 autostart.sh 不支持 chkconfig”)

    扩展资料

    Linux启动级别：

    0　　　关机

    1　　　单用户

    2-5　　多用户图形界面

    6　　　重启

    5、给脚本赋可执行权限

    chmod +x autostart.sh

    6、将脚本添加到开机启动项中，并启动脚本

    chkconfig --add autostart.shchkconfig autostart.sh on

    另：如果启动的脚本未达到想要的效果，可以查看脚本执行的日志来分析

    查看脚本执行日志的方式(以脚本 autostart.sh为例)：

    1)journalctl -u autostart

    2) systemctl status autostart

    通过自定义service服务

    (很少用到这种方式，不做评价)

    以下是对上述博客的补充：

    service脚本分为3个部分：[Unit] [Service] [Install]

    1、Unit

    Unit表明该服务的描述。最常用的场景就是定义该脚本执行的顺序，比如：

    After=dbus.service

    表示该service 在 dbus.service 之后再执行

    2、Service

    Service是脚本的关键部分，这一部分用于设置一些关键参数：

    Type=forking: 后台运行模式

    PIDFile: 存放PID文件的位置

    ExecStart=xxx: 服务运行的具体执行命令

    ExecReload=xxx： 服务重启的执行命令

    EexcStop=xxx: 服务停止的执行命令

    注：

    该服务执行后，会有服务系统的日志

    收起
    展开全文

  • Linux下redis安装并设置开机自启（超详细）

     2021-01-20 14:30:17
     也可以通过linux命令下载 wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.8.tar.gz  将安装包复制到指定的位置 cp redis-4.0.8.tar.gz /usr/local/redis  解压 tar -zxvf redis-4.0.8.tar.gz  通过make...
    收起

  • Linux设置开机自启动脚本

     千次阅读 2021-07-15 09:56:02
    这里介绍两种Linux开机自启动脚本的方式 也可用于开机自启动软件（把软件的启动写成脚本，然后再让脚本开机自启动即可） 方式1：/etc/profile.d/ 把自启动脚本放在/etc/profile.d/下 为了保证一定能执行，最好再加个...
    收起

  • SUSE Linux下开机自动运行脚本命令的方法

     2019-04-06 21:54:08
    以openSUSE 11和10 sp2启动文件的设置为例，开机设置程序自动执行
    收起

  • Linux系统开机自启动程序设置

     千次阅读 2021-12-20 17:24:51
    用户可以在Linux系统配置自启动的程序，可以通过多种方式来实现。 1. rc.local 2. /etc/profile，~/.profile，~/.bashrc
    收起
    rc.local profile bashrc

  • Linux设置程序开机自启动

     千次阅读 2021-05-15 19:47:46
    Linux设置程序开机自启动大致有三种方法。一、通过rc.local设置自启动通过在/etc/rc.local的文件夹下添加shell指令即可在开机时自动启动指令。其内容的格式举例如下：#!/bin/shsudo mkdir /test该例子便是在开机时在...
    收起

  • Linux环境关闭开机自启动服务

     千次阅读 2022-04-12 12:53:51
    Linux关闭开机自启动服务
    收起

  • Linux系统下开机自动运行命令的方法

     2020-03-04 11:34:33
    一般可以放在/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件中设置开机自动运行命令。文中介绍了在Bash和TCshell中的一些启动文件。
    收起

  • linux下设置自己的程序开机自启动

     千次阅读 2021-05-09 06:22:32
    1．开机启动时自动运行程序Linux加载后, 它将初始化硬件和设备驱动, 然后运行第一个进程init。init根据配置文件继续引导过程，启动其它进程。通常情况下，修改放置在 /etc/rc或 /etc/rc.d 或 /etc/rc?.d 目录下的...
    收起

  • linux下redis开机自启动

     千次阅读 2021-10-29 16:22:13
    若想将新的程序开机自启动，只需在该目录下添加一个自定义启动程序的脚本，然后设置相应规则即可。 修改redis内置的启动脚本 vi /data/redis-5.0.5/utils/redis_init_script 将图中箭头部分的内容修改为部署环境...
    收起
    redis

  • Linux配置nginx自启动

     2018-10-20 15:10:22
    Linux配置Nginx服务开机自启动（centos7.*配置方式不同），脚本中‘nginx=‘和‘NGINX_CONF_FILE=’后面的*****替换成自己的nginx安装路径。把脚本复制到init.d/目录下，添加chkconfig --add nginx即可。注意脚本的...
    收起

  • Linux 设置程序开机自动启动

     万次阅读 多人点赞 2019-08-31 23:29:11
    将程序设置为开机启动的方法不止一种，这里记录的，应该是最常用的一种。 root用户执行命令：ll /etc/rc.d/ 可以看到有下面这些文件： [centos@ip-172-31-42-26 init.d]$ ll /etc/rc.d/ 总用量 16K drwxr-xr...
    收起
    开机启动

  • Linux 设置 jar 包开机自启动

     千次阅读 2022-01-26 17:56:41
    初步学习Springboot编写服务，尝试部署到Linux环境下，并进行开机自启动。 Linux系统：Centos7.6 Java包：xxx.jar 流程 将 xxx.jar 包（及外部配置文件）放入Linuxu系统中，假设放到/home/test/路径下； 修改文件...
    收起
    jar java

  • Linux之开机自启动服务(两种方式)

     千次阅读 2021-12-05 00:30:27
    linux开机启动自启动脚本两种方式 先要了解一下系统启动运行级别，请看这篇文章 链接: Linux之运行级别 rc.local 1首先创建一个要自启动的脚本 vi /etc/scripts/createFile.sh #!/bin/bash #开机创建一个文件夹 ...
    收起
    bash 运维

  • linux 配置开机自启动命令

     千次阅读 2021-11-12 15:26:07
    touch /var/lock/subsys/local 是防止本文件被重复执行，当第一次执行了这个命令，之后就不会在读取和执行这个文件了，保障了开机自启动脚本只会被执行一次。 之后就是扩展我们自己的命令语句：这里我添加了三条语句...
    收起
    shell

  • Linux 开机自启动多个脚本程序

     千次阅读 2020-03-02 17:14:48
    Linux 开机自启动程序
    收起
    shell ubuntu

  • Linux开机自动启动python脚本程序，或 Jetson nano或Jetson Xavier NX开机自动启动python脚本程序

     千次阅读 2021-02-04 14:58:09
    文章目录：1 通过系统界面设置开机自动运行程序1.1 windows系统设置开机自动运行命令1.2 Linux开机设置开机自动运行命令2 Linux中设置开机自启动python脚本程序2.1 方法一：在`/etc/rc.local`中添加要运行的脚本命令...
    收起

  • Linux下设置网卡开机自启动

     千次阅读 2021-12-15 14:32:45
    每次开机后都要用 ifup eth0 命令 启动网卡，想着怎么可以开机自动启动网卡，于是就法百度了一下，方法...编辑开机自启动文件 vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local 添加 ifup eth0 或者 ifconfig eth0 up 感谢：纸短情长 ...
    收起
    服务器 centos

  • Linux服务器配置redis开机自启动

     千次阅读 2022-03-25 15:45:14
    登录服务器 vi /etc/init.d/redis 编辑模式，给文件添加以下内容： # chkconfig: 2345 10 90 # description: Start ...PATH=/usr/local/redis/bin #找到本机安装redis后，存放redis命令的目录 REDISPORT=6379
    收起

空空如也

空空如也

1 2 3 4 5 ... 20
收藏数 217,181
精华内容 86,872
热门标签
关键字：

linux开机自启动目录