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配置静态路由
2021-04-01 16:34:02一、实验目的 ...（2）在AR1、AR2、AR3上配置静态路由： AR1静态路由表截图： AR2静态路由表截图： AR3静态路由表截图： （3）测试网络是否畅通 在PC1上ping 192.168.1.2，跟踪数据包的路径 在PC2上pi展开全文一、实验目的
掌握静态路由配置，基于路由器和PC信息配置后，进行静态路由的添加和删除，并测试添加和删除后静态路由是否通畅。
二、实验设备
ENSP
三、实验拓扑图
四、实验内容与主要步骤
（1）配置AR1、AR2、AR3
AR1配置截图：
AR2配置截图：
AR3配置截图：
（2）在AR1、AR2、AR3上配置静态路由：
AR1静态路由表截图：
AR2静态路由表截图：
AR3静态路由表截图：
（3）测试网络是否畅通
在PC1上ping 192.168.1.2，跟踪数据包的路径
在PC2上ping192.168.0.2，跟踪数据包的路径
（4）删除静态路由后，PC1 ping PC2的数据包不能达到PC2，即目标主机不可达。
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配置静态路由；配置浮动路由；配置多路由的静态路由；配置默认路由
2019-09-02 08:21:021：配置静态路由 1.1 问题 配置路由接口IP地址并通过静态路由的配置实现全网的互通。 1.2 方案 按如下网络拓扑配置接口IP地址并通过静态路由的配置实现全网的互通如图-1所示： 图-1 1.3 步骤 实现此案例...展开全文1：配置静态路由
1.1 问题
配置路由接口IP地址并通过静态路由的配置实现全网的互通。
1.2 方案
按如下网络拓扑配置接口IP地址并通过静态路由的配置实现全网的互通如图-1所示：
图-1
1.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一：配置静态路由
1）R1上配置接口IP
- R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
- R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
- R1(config-if)#no shutdown
- R1(config-if)#exit
- R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
- R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
- R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
2)R2上配置接口IP
- R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
- R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-if)#no shutdown
- R2config-if)#exit
- R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
- R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
3）R1上添加静态路由
- R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
4）R1上查看路由表
- R1#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is not set
- C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
- C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //S表示静态路由
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //S表示静态路由
5）R2上添加静态路由
- R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
6）R2上查看路由条目
- R2#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is not set
- S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 //S表示静态路由
- C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 //S表示静态路由
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
7）配置PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.1，网关为192.168.1.254
8）配置PC2的IP地址为192.168.4.1，网关为192.168.4.254
9）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1
- PC>ping 192.168.4.1
- Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
- Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
- Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
- Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
- Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 8ms
PC>ping 192.168.4.1
Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 8ms
2：配置浮动路由
2.1 问题
配置浮动静态路由
2.2 方案
按如下网络拓扑配置接口IP地址配置浮动路由实现链路的冗余，如图-2所示
图-2
2.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一：配置静态路由并添加模块
1）R1上配置接口IP
在以上静态路由实验的基础上，先分别进入R1与R2的特权模式输入write命令保存配置信息，然后分别进入R1与R2的物理配置界面，点击开关按钮关闭路由器，添加NM-1FE-TX模块并再次点击开关按钮，如下图-3所示。
图－3
2）添加模块后将R1的F1/0接口连接到R2的F1/0接口修改拓扑如下图-4所示：
图－4
3）配置R1的F1/0接口IP
- R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
- R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
- R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
4）配置R2的F1/0接口IP
- R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
- R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
5）R1上添加静态浮动路由
- R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 50 //管理距离50
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 50 //管理距离50
6）R2上添加静态浮动路由
- R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 50 //管理距离50
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 50 //管理距离50
7）R1上查看路由表
- R1#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is not set
- C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
- C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
- S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //只有下一跳为192.168.2.2的静态路由
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //只有下一跳为192.168.2.2的静态路由
8）禁用F/01接口
- R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
- R1(config-if)#shutdown
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#shutdown
9)R1上查看路由表
- C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
- S 192.168.4.0/24 [50/0] via 192.168.3.2//下一跳接口为192.168.4.2的路由生效
- C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.4.0/24 [50/0] via 192.168.3.2//下一跳接口为192.168.4.2的路由生效
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
10）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1
- PC>ping 192.168.4.1
- Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
- Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
- Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
- Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
- Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 5ms
PC>ping 192.168.4.1
Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 5ms
3.1 问题
配置多路由的静态路由
3.2 方案
网络环境及IP地址规划，如图-5所示
图-5
3.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一：配置路由IP和静态路由
1) R1上配置接口IP
- Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
- R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
- R1(config-if)#no shutdown
- R1(config-if)#exit
- R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
- R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
- R1(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
2)R2上配置接口IP
- R2(config)#interface f0/1
- R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-if)#no shutdown
- R2(config-if)#exit
- R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
- R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#interface f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
3)R3上配置接口IP
- R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
- R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
- R3(config-if)#no shutdown
- R3(config-if)#exit
- R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
- R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
- R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
4）R1、R2、R3上分别添加静态路由
- R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
- R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
- R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
- R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
- R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
- R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
5）R1上查看路由表
- R1#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is not set
- C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
- C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //静态路由
- S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //静态路由
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //静态路由
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //静态路由
6）R2上查看路由表
- R2#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is not set
- S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 //静态路由
- C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
- S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2 //静态路由
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 //静态路由
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2 //静态路由
7）R3上查看路由表
- R3#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is not set
- S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //静态路由
- S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //静态路由
- C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //静态路由
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //静态路由
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
8）按图-4配置PC的IP地址
9）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.2.2、192.168.3.1、192.168.3.2、192.168.4.1
- PC>ping 192.168.2.2 //ping 192.168.2.2
- Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
- Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
- Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
- Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
- Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
- Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
- Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
- Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
- PC>ping 192.168.3.1 //ping 192.168.3.1
- Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
- Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
- Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=254
- Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
- Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
- Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
- Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
- Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
- Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 0ms
- PC>ping 192.168.3.2 //ping 192.168.3.2
- Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:
- Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253
- Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253
- Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253
- Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253
- Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2:
- Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
- Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
- Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 12ms, Average = 6ms
- PC>ping 192.168.4.1 //ping 192.168.4.1
- Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=125
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125
- Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
- Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
- Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
- Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 22ms, Average = 8ms
PC>ping 192.168.2.2 //ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
PC>ping 192.168.3.1 //ping 192.168.3.1
Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 0ms
PC>ping 192.168.3.2 //ping 192.168.3.2
Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253
Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253
Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253
Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253
Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 12ms, Average = 6ms
PC>ping 192.168.4.1 //ping 192.168.4.1
Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 22ms, Average = 8ms
4.1 问题
配置默认路由
4.2 方案
网络环境及IP地址规划，如图-6所示
图-6
4.3 步骤
1）在案例3基础上删除R1与R3的静态路由
- R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
- R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
- R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
- R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
2）R1、R3添加默认路由
- R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2
- R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1
- 12）R1上查看路由表
- R1#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
- C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
- C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //默认路由
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1
12）R1上查看路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //默认路由
3）R1、R3上查看路由表
- R1#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
- C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
- C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //默认路由
- R3#show ip route
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
- i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
- *-candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
- P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
- C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
- S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //默认路由
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //默认路由
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //默认路由
4）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1
- PC>ping 192.168.4.1
- Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
- Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
- Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
- Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
- Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
- Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 14ms, Average = 7ms = 0ms，平均 = 0ms
PC>ping 192.168.4.1
Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 14ms, Average = 7ms = 0ms，平均 = 0ms
-
静态路由基础 路由备份 配置静态路由协议 等值负载分担带宽
2020-06-06 19:56:141 【单选题】 管理员想通过配置浮动静态路由来实现路由备份，正确的...在串行接口上配置静态路由时，可以通过指定下一跳地址来配置静态路由。 B、 在串行接口上配置静态路由时，可以通过指定出接口来配置静态路由。 C、展开全文1.基础概念
静态路由具有容易维护，配置简单，方便快捷，小网管、大网管、电脑、路由、交换机都能使用的配置方式。首先是网络工程师手工配置的，本身是不会变化的。然后兼容性来说各种设备都能配置。只要掌握基本的IP地址网段划分就能配置好静态路由。
2.配置方式：
静态路由配置
cisco
ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.12.2
huawei
ip route-static 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.12.2
ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 172.16.12.2
3.默认路由
默认路由（Default route），是对IP数据包中的目的地址找不到存在的其他路由时，路由器所选择的路由。目的地不在路由器的路由表里的所有数据包都会使用默认路由。这条路由一般会连去另一个路由器，而这个路由器也同样处理数据包: 如果知道应该怎么路由这个数据包，则数据包会被转发到已知的路由；否则，数据包会被转发到默认路由，从而到达另一个路由器。每次转发，路由都增加了一跳的距离。
4.路由备份和负载分担
它们各有优点，负载分担是两个路由都能一起使用。而路由备份是其中一条主路由down掉，启用备份路由。路由备份用处，根据实际情况，接入ISP有按流量和租用时间计费类型。平时主路由使用按租用时间计费类型，按流量计费的路由为备用路由不产生费用。
1
【单选题】
管理员想通过配置浮动静态路由来实现路由备份，正确的方法是A、
管理员需要为主路由和浮动静态路由配置不同的协议优先级。
B、
管理员只需要配置两个静态路由就可以。
C、
管理员需要为主路由和浮动静态路由配置不同的TAG。
D、
管理员需要为主路由和浮动静态路由配置不同的度量值。
我的答案：A2
【单选题】
配置静态路由协议时，下面说法错误的是A、
在串行接口上配置静态路由时，可以通过指定下一跳地址来配置静态路由。
B、
在串行接口上配置静态路由时，可以通过指定出接口来配置静态路由。
C、
在以太网接口上配置静态路由时，可以通过指定下一跳地址来配置静态路由。
D、
在以太网接口上配置静态路由时，可以通过指定出接口来配置静态路由。
我的答案：D3
【单选题】
两个路由器R1和R2之间有3条链路，带宽分别是10Mbps、 20Mbps和30Mbps。如果使用等值负载分担，则R1和R2之间的总带宽为A、
20M
B、
30M
C、
50M
D、
60M
我的答案：B
-
eNSP配置静态路由
2018-07-04 21:33:50eNSP配置静态路由 目标 配置目标：如下拓扑结构，从CLIENT1去pingCLIENT2，ping通 拓扑结构 路由配置 配置各个路由表的核心思想是：只有这个路由表中有一个网段的网络号，才可以从这个路由器跳转到该网段，...展开全文eNSP配置静态路由
目标
配置目标：如下拓扑结构，从CLIENT1去pingCLIENT2，ping通
拓扑结构
路由配置
配置各个路由表的核心思想是：只有这个路由表中有一个网段的网络号，才可以从这个路由器跳转到该网段，下面只展示R１的前往CLIENT２的路由配置，其他路由器及返回过程配置类似。
CLIENT1配置
CLIENT2配置
R1配置
[R1]int gi0/0/0
说明：当命令打不全的时候可以用Tab键进行补全。上面配置了R1的两个接口的IP地址。如果要从CLIENT１发ｐｉｎｇ命令让CLIENT２回应，（CLIENT１会把报文抛到自己的网关R１），必须让R１的路由表中目的地址存在CLIENT１的IP地址，下一跳设置成192.168.16.2，目标网段是192.168.26.０，转发到R2之后，R2的路由表中也必须有CLIENT2的IP地址，下一跳设置成192.168.26.2，目标网段是192.168.20.０，这样从CLIENT１可以发报文到CLIENT２，但是从CLIENT２却无法回报文到CLIENT１，因为比如CLIENT２的网关中就没有CLIENT1的IP地址，类似地在回来的路上进行配置即可。下面只展示R１配置从CLIENT１发往CLIENT２的路由表。
ip route-static 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.16.2
注意这个命令，三个分别是目标网段，子网掩码，下一跳。测试
上面结果表明CLIENT１和CLIENT２可以互相ｐｉｎｇ通了。
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