lnmp 简介

1. lnmp 名词上指的就是，Linux ，nginx ，mysql ，php的第一个字母组成的一种网站服务器架构
2. 作为web服务器，相比Apache ，Nginx使更加少的资源还可以支持更高的并发连接，使用更高的效率

安装Nginx

安装环境

创建系统用户和组 nginx

[root@lnmp-server ~]# groupadd -r nginx
[root@lnmp-server ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx nginx

安装依赖环境

[root@lnmp-server ~]#  yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel

安装开发包

[root@lnmp-server ~]#  yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
[root@lnmp-server ~]# yum grouplist   //查看是否已经安装
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Installed Groups:
   Development Tools     //表示已经安装
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done

建立存放日志目录，并且修改属主和属组

[root@lnmp-server ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@lnmp-server ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx/

下载nginx

[root@lnmp-server src]# cd /usr/src/
[root@lnmp-server src]# yum install -y wget
[root@lnmp-server src]#  wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz

编译安装

[root@lnmp-server src]# tar xf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-server src]# cd nginx-1.12.0/
[root@lnmp-server nginx-1.12.0]#  ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx  --with-debug  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module  --with-http_image_filter_module  --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_stub_status_module  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log

编译过程出现如下错误

checking for GD library ... not found
checking for GD library in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for GD library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for GD library in /opt/local/ ... not found

./configure: error: the HTTP image filter module requires the GD library.
You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries.

这是缺少 GD这个二进制包的结果，解决方法如下
在次编译就不会出现这个错误了

[root@lnmp-server src]# yum install -y gd-devel-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm

重新编译安装

[root@lnmp-server src]# cd nginx-1.12.0/
[root@lnmp-server nginx-1.12.0]#  ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx  --with-debug  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module  --with-http_image_filter_module  --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_stub_status_module  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@lnmp-server nginx-1.12.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install

nginx 安装后配置
加入到环境变量

[root@lnmp-server src]#  echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh 
[root@lnmp-server src]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh 

服务控制方式，使用nginx命令

-t    检查配置文件语法
-v    输出nginx的版本
-c    指定配置文件的路径
-s    发送服务控制信号，可选值有{stop|quit|reopen|reload}

启动nginx

[root@lnmp-server ~]# nginx         //直接就可以启动了
[root@lnmp-server ~]# ss -anlt      nginx  默认为80 端口
State       Recv-Q Send-Q   Local Address:Port                  Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                  *:80                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                  *:22                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100          127.0.0.1:25                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                 :::8080                            :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                 :::22                              :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                ::1:25                              :::* 

在浏览器上输入ip 地址测试，出现如下图所示则表示nginx 搭建成功

安装Mysql 数据库

[root@lnmp-server ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl  cmake mariadb-devel

创建mysql用户和组

[root@lnmp-server ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@lnmp-server ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql

下载mysql 二进制软件包

[root@lnmp-server src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-server src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

创建软连接

[root@lnmp-server src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@lnmp-server local]#  ln -s mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

修改属主和属组

[root@lnmp-server local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@lnmp-server local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 games
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 include
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 mysql mysql  36 Aug 25 14:30 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x.  9 root  root  129 Aug 25 14:29 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root  root  151 Aug 25 13:52 nginx
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root  root   49 Jul 14 07:50 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Nov  5  2016 src

添加至环境变量

[root@lnmp-server local]#  echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@lnmp-server local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@lnmp-server local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

创建数据存放目录

[root@lnmp-server local]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@lnmp-server local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/

初始化数据库

[root@lnmp-server local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2018-08-25T06:43:02.030758Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-08-25T06:43:03.364974Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-08-25T06:43:03.599861Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-08-25T06:43:03.660256Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 1dccf3d2-a832-11e8-998d-000c29d4bcce.
2018-08-25T06:43:03.662083Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-08-25T06:43:03.663705Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Sxh=6N1hShfp   //这里的密码产生的都不一样

//在最后一行，这里会初始化一个数据库的随机密码，保存下来，后面会用来登录

[root@lnmp-server local]# echo 'Sxh=6N1hShfp'> /1.txt

配置mysql

[root@lnmp-server local]# ln  -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
[root@lnmp-server local]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@lnmp-server local]# ldconfig -v  验证啰嗦模式

生成配置文件

[root@lnmp-server local]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data/
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /tmp/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF

创建存放pid 对应的文件，和/etc/my.cnf 里面的pid-file 对应的位置一样

[root@lnmp-server ~]# mkdir /tmp/data
[root@lnmp-server data]# touch mysql.pid

修改属主和属组

[root@lnmp-server data]# chown -R mysql.mysql /tmp/data/

启动服务脚本

[root@lnmp-server local]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@lnmp-server local]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[root@lnmp-server local]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld

启动服务

[root@lnmp-server local]# service mysqld start 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@lnmp-server local]# ss -anlt    //mysql 端口号默认为3306
State       Recv-Q Send-Q   Local Address:Port                  Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                  *:80                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                  *:22                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100          127.0.0.1:25                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                 :::8080                            :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                 :::22                              :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                ::1:25                              :::*                  
LISTEN      0      80                  :::3306                            :::*  

修改密码，使用临时密码登录

[root@lnmp-server local]# cat /1.txt        //这是前面保存密码的位置
Sxh=6N1hShfp
[root@lnmp-server local]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:                            //请输入临时密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>                             //看到这里表示登录成功

修改密码

mysql> set password = password('chen');       修改密码为 chen
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

安装 php

1.安装php依赖包

[root@lnmp-server ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel

2.下载 php

[root@lnmp-server src]# cd /usr/src/
[root@lnmp-server src]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@lnmp-server src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz 
[root@lnmp-server src]# cd php-7.2.8/

3.开始编译安装

[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7  --with-curl  --with-freetype-dir  --with-gd  --with-gettext  --with-iconv-dir  --with-kerberos  --with-libdir=lib64  --with-libxml-dir=/usr  --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config  --with-openssl  --with-pcre-regex  --with-pdo-mysql  --with-pdo-sqlite  --with-pear  --with-jpeg-dir  --with-png-dir  --with-xmlrpc  --with-xsl  --with-zlib  --with-config-file-path=/etc  --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d  --with-bz2  --enable-fpm  --enable-bcmath  --enable-libxml  --enable-inline-optimization  --enable-mbregex  --enable-mbstring  --enable-opcache  --enable-pcntl  --enable-shmop  --enable-soap  --enable-sockets  --enable-sysvsem  --enable-xml  --enable-zip
[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# make  &&  make install

4.完成后进行配置

[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh 
[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]#  source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php

5.配置php-fpm

[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]#  cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

6.配置文件php-fpm的配置文件
配置php的相关选项为你所需要的值：

[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50     
pm.start_servers = 5     
pm.min_spare_servers = 2  
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
[root@lnmp-server php-7.2.8]#  tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
;  - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument)
;  - /usr/local/php7 otherwise
include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
pm.max_children = 50  
pm.start_servers = 5   
pm.min_spare_servers = 2  
pm.max_spare_servers = 8

7.启动php-fpm

[root@lnmp-server ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@lnmp-server ~]# ss -anlt    php-fpm  默认监听在9000 端口
State       Recv-Q Send-Q   Local Address:Port                  Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                  *:80                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                  *:22                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100          127.0.0.1:25                               *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128          127.0.0.1:9000                             *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                 :::8080                            :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                 :::22                              :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                ::1:25                              :::*                  
LISTEN      0      80                  :::3306                            :::*    

修改nginx的主配置文件

[root@lnmp-server conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  logs/error.log;      //去掉前面的# 开启错误日志存放路径
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

启用以php结尾的网站模板
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html/chen;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

//修改server下面的内容

 #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {                 
        listen       80;         //端口号
        server_name  www.chensh.com;        //域名
        charset  utf-8;
        access_log      logs/chen.access.log   main;
        location / {
                root html/chen;       表示网站存放的路径
                index index.php  index.html  index.htm;
        }

修改fastcgi_param 这一行

   # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html/chen;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;     修改此处 
     修改为: fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

启用以下几行

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

创建存放网站名称,写入php网页信息

[root@lnmp-server nginx]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@lnmp-server html]# mkdir chen
[root@lnmp-server chen]# vim index.php 
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

[root@lnmp-server nginx]#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

最后在本地的host文件中写入IP 和域名，如果在网页上可以访问相应的php信息说明lnmp 架构搭建成功，如下图.